A 14 year old female is brought to the ED after falling from a horse. She is immobilized on a long spine board with a hard collar and blocks. Cervical spine x-ray:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. In a stable patient without neck pain, neurological deficits, or midline tenderness, cervical spine x-rays are not necessary. This is because the clinical assessment is more reliable in ruling out cervical spine injury. Performing unnecessary x-rays exposes the patient to radiation without providing additional benefit. Additionally, immobilization in a hard collar and on a long spine board is already in place, and further imaging does not change the management in this scenario. Therefore, the most appropriate course of action is to rely on the clinical assessment criteria mentioned in choice C to guide management. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not align with current guidelines for cervical spine imaging in trauma patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because in a functional nursing style of care, where tasks are divided among staff members based on their skills, staff members may only focus on their assigned tasks, leading to a potential oversight of changes in a resident's condition. This can result in delayed intervention and negatively impact the resident's health. Choice A is incorrect as it refers to task management, not specifically related to overlooking changes in a resident's condition. Choice B is incorrect because it focuses on training issues, not directly related to monitoring a resident's condition. Choice D is incorrect as it addresses resident preferences and not a negative outcome related to care quality.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Advance directive. An advance directive is a legal document that allows an individual to specify their medical treatment preferences in case they are unable to communicate their wishes. It includes instructions on life-sustaining treatments, organ donation, and healthcare proxy. Choice A, a will, is a legal document that outlines how a person's assets should be distributed after their death, not medical care preferences. Choice C, CPR, refers to cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a medical emergency procedure, not a legal document. Choice D, power of attorney, grants someone the legal authority to make decisions on behalf of another person, but it is not specific to medical care preferences.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assessment. It is the first step in the nursing process because it involves gathering data about the patient's health status and identifying any potential issues. Assessment provides the foundation for the subsequent steps of diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Diagnosis (A) comes after assessment to identify the patient's problems. Planning (D) follows diagnosis to set goals and develop a care plan. Evaluation (C) is the final step to assess the outcomes of the care provided. Assessment is crucial as it guides the nurse in making informed decisions and interventions based on the patient's needs.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step 1: Health refers to the overall physical, mental, and social well-being of an individual, encompassing more than just the absence of disease. Step 2: Wellness, on the other hand, is a broader concept that includes health but also focuses on achieving a state of optimal well-being in various aspects of life. Step 3: Option A correctly distinguishes between health and wellness by stating that health is the absence of disease, while wellness encompasses physical, mental, and social well-being. Step 4: Options B, C, and D either incorrectly equate health with wellness or provide vague definitions that do not clearly differentiate between the two concepts. Summary: Option A is correct because it accurately defines health and wellness, while the other choices either conflate the two terms or provide incomplete or inaccurate descriptions.