A 14 year old female is brought to the ED after falling from a horse. She is immobilized on a long spine board with a hard collar and blocks. Cervical spine x-ray:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. In a stable patient with no concerning symptoms after a traumatic event, cervical spine x-rays are not needed. This is because the decision to obtain imaging should be guided by clinical indications, such as presence of neck pain, neurological deficits, altered mental status, or midline tenderness. In this case, the patient is awake, alert, neurologically normal, and has no neck pain or midline tenderness, making imaging unnecessary. It is important to rely on clinical assessment rather than routine imaging to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure and healthcare costs. Other choices are incorrect because cervical spine x-rays are not always needed, they are not definitive in ruling out injuries, and addressing breathing or circulatory issues takes precedence over imaging in an unstable patient.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because in functional nursing, tasks are divided among staff, leading to fragmented care. This can result in staff overlooking changes in a resident's condition as they focus solely on their assigned tasks. This may delay timely intervention and negatively impact resident outcomes. Choice A is incorrect because task overload is more related to the efficiency of task allocation rather than the style of care. Choice B is incorrect as inadequate training is a separate issue not exclusive to functional nursing. Choice D is incorrect as consistency in care team members is generally seen as a positive aspect of care continuity, not a negative result.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Advance directive. An advance directive is a legal document that allows an individual to specify their preferences for medical treatment in case they become unable to communicate or make decisions. This includes instructions for end-of-life care, life-sustaining treatments, and other healthcare choices. It is different from a will (A) which dictates how assets are distributed after death, CPR (C) which is a medical procedure to revive a person in cardiac arrest, and Power of Attorney (D) which grants someone the authority to make legal decisions on behalf of another person.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assessment. In the nursing process, assessment is the first step where the nurse collects data about the patient's health status, including physical, emotional, social, and environmental factors. This information is crucial for identifying the patient's needs and developing a care plan. Diagnosis (A) comes after assessment, where the nurse analyzes the collected data. Planning (D) follows diagnosis and involves setting goals and outlining interventions. Evaluation (C) is the final step to assess the effectiveness of the care plan. Therefore, assessment is the initial step in the nursing process to gather relevant information for providing optimal patient care.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because health refers to the absence of disease, while wellness encompasses physical, mental, and social well-being. Health is more focused on the biological aspect, whereas wellness is a holistic concept. Choice B is incorrect as wellness is not just about balance. Choice C is incorrect as health is not merely the absence of disease. Choice D is incorrect as health and wellness have distinct meanings.