A 14-year-old boy has acne and according to his parents, dominates the bathroom by using the mirror all the time. Which of the following remarks by the nurse would be least helpful in talking to the boy and his parents?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) This is probably the only concern he has about his body. So don't worry about it or the time he spends on it. This remark would be least helpful as it dismisses the boy's feelings and concerns about his acne and grooming habits. It invalidates his experiences and could potentially hinder open communication. Option B) provides important context about how teenagers may be self-conscious about their appearance, fostering understanding and empathy. Option C) opens the door for the boy to express his feelings, promoting a supportive and therapeutic conversation. Option D) acknowledges the boy's efforts in skincare and invites him to share more about his routine, encouraging engagement and trust. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to approach adolescent patients with sensitivity and respect, acknowledging their concerns and feelings. By fostering open communication and showing empathy, nurses can build trust and rapport with young patients, leading to better health outcomes and patient satisfaction. It is important to validate the experiences of adolescents and create a safe space for discussion during healthcare interactions.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In premature neonates, caffeine administration is primarily aimed at treating apnea of prematurity. Apnea, a common issue in preterm infants, is characterized by pauses in breathing for more than 20 seconds. Caffeine helps stimulate the respiratory center in the brain, leading to increased respiratory drive and decreased episodes of apnea. Option A is correct because caffeine is a respiratory stimulant that helps reduce the frequency and severity of apnea episodes, improving the infant's oxygenation and reducing the need for interventions like positive pressure ventilation. Option B, promoting lung maturation, is incorrect because caffeine does not directly influence lung development. Lung maturation in premature infants is primarily supported by antenatal steroids and appropriate respiratory support. Option C, improving feeding tolerance, is incorrect as caffeine does not have a direct effect on feeding tolerance. Feeding intolerance in premature infants is often related to gastrointestinal immaturity and needs to be managed separately. Option D, reducing the risk of infection, is also incorrect as caffeine does not play a role in infection prevention. Infection control in neonates is achieved through proper hygiene practices, aseptic techniques, and appropriate antibiotic therapy when indicated. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind administering caffeine to premature neonates is crucial for nurses caring for these vulnerable populations. It highlights the importance of respiratory support in preterm infants and the specific pharmacological interventions used to manage common complications like apnea of prematurity. This knowledge equips healthcare providers to deliver safe and effective care to neonates in respiratory distress, ultimately improving outcomes for these fragile patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Prostaglandin infusion. In the case of a neonate born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), prostaglandin infusion is the first-line treatment. This intervention helps maintain patency of the ductus arteriosus, a crucial connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, which is essential for blood flow in infants with this condition. Oxygen therapy (Option B) may be used to support the infant's respiratory efforts, but it does not address the underlying cardiac defect seen in HLHS. Surfactant administration (Option C) is primarily used in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, not in the management of congenital heart defects like HLHS. Cardiac surgery (Option D) is a definitive treatment for HLHS but is not the first-line intervention and is typically performed after stabilization with prostaglandin infusion. In an educational context, understanding the priority interventions in pediatric respiratory distress, especially in complex cardiac conditions like HLHS, is crucial for nurses caring for neonates in critical care settings. Knowledge of the appropriate sequence of treatments can significantly impact patient outcomes and ensure timely and effective care delivery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric healthcare, understanding the causes of respiratory distress in preterm neonates is crucial for providing effective nursing interventions. The correct answer, option B, which is Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS), is the most common cause of respiratory failure in preterm neonates. RDS occurs due to immature lungs that lack surfactant, leading to difficulty in maintaining lung expansion and gas exchange. Option A, Infection, while a common concern in neonatal care, is not the primary cause of respiratory failure in preterm neonates. Infections can exacerbate respiratory distress but are not the most common cause in this population. Option C, Meconium aspiration, can lead to respiratory distress in neonates but is typically not as common as RDS in causing respiratory failure in preterm neonates. Option D, Cardiac defects, can also contribute to respiratory distress in neonates, but it is not the most common cause of respiratory failure in preterm neonates. Educationally, understanding the primary causes of respiratory distress in preterm neonates helps nurses prioritize care and interventions. By recognizing RDS as a common culprit, nurses can implement appropriate respiratory support, monitor for complications, and collaborate with the healthcare team to optimize outcomes for these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the case of a neonate diagnosed with a congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), the most appropriate management is surgical repair (Option C). CDH is a condition where there is a hole in the diaphragm, allowing abdominal organs to move into the chest cavity, compromising lung development and function. Surgical repair is essential to correct this anatomical defect and allow the lungs to expand properly, thereby improving respiratory function. Option A, mechanical ventilation, may be necessary post-surgery to support respiratory function during the immediate postoperative period, but it does not address the underlying anatomical issue presented by CDH. Intubation and surfactant therapy (Option B) are more applicable in the context of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants, not in the management of CDH. Prostaglandin infusion (Option D) is commonly used in conditions like ductal-dependent congenital heart defects, not in the management of CDH. Educationally, understanding the appropriate management of CDH is crucial for nurses caring for neonates with this condition. Recognizing the importance of timely surgical intervention can significantly impact patient outcomes and prevent further complications associated with untreated CDH. Nurses must be well-versed in the pathophysiology of CDH and the interventions required to ensure optimal patient care and recovery.