A 13-year-old boy is hospitalized for a femur fracture after being hit by a car while racing bikes. The parents are concerned about his judgment. The nurse should tell the parents that this behavior is:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is option D: "Related to underdeveloped judgment and impulse control in adolescence." This answer is correct because during adolescence, the prefrontal cortex of the brain, responsible for decision-making and impulse control, is still developing. This can lead to teenagers engaging in risky behaviors without fully understanding the consequences. Option A, "Typical of young teens," is incorrect because it generalizes all young teens as engaging in risky behavior, which is not always the case. Option B, "Related to hormonal surges during adolescence," is incorrect because while hormonal changes can influence behavior, the primary reason for risky behavior in teens is the underdeveloped brain functions. Option C, "An isolated incident that will not likely happen again," is incorrect because risky behavior in adolescents is often a pattern rather than a one-time event due to their brain development stage. Educationally, understanding the biological basis of adolescent behavior can help parents and caregivers support teens in making better decisions and guiding them towards safer choices. It is essential to provide adolescents with guidance, boundaries, and education on risk-taking behaviors to promote their safety and well-being during this developmental stage.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is option A: A palliative procedure in which the bile duct is attached to a loop of bowel to assist with bile drainage. The Kasai procedure, also known as a hepatoportoenterostomy, is performed in infants with biliary atresia to establish bile flow from the liver to the intestine. This procedure is palliative, meaning it aims to improve symptoms and outcomes without curing the underlying condition. By attaching the bile duct to a loop of bowel, bile drainage is facilitated, helping to alleviate jaundice and prevent liver damage. Option B is incorrect because the Kasai procedure is not curative; it is palliative. Option C is incorrect because the bile duct is not banded during a Kasai procedure. Option D is also incorrect as it inaccurately describes the procedure as banded, which is not the case. In an educational context, understanding the purpose and nature of the Kasai procedure is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with biliary atresia. Knowing that this procedure is palliative and aims to improve bile drainage can help nurses provide appropriate care, monitor for complications, and educate families about the expected outcomes of the procedure.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, option C, bruises over bony prominences, is the least likely suggestive of physical abuse in a 2-year-old boy. This is because bruises over bony areas such as knees or shins are common in toddlers due to their explorative nature and frequent falls. These bruises are often accidental and not indicative of abuse. Option A, bruises over the neck, can be concerning for abuse as it is an uncommon site for accidental bruising in children. Option B, looped extension cord marks on the body, indicates a specific pattern of injury that is highly suggestive of abuse. Option D, bruising of the torso, can also be concerning especially if there are specific patterns or multiple bruises in different stages of healing. Educationally, it is essential for nurses to be able to differentiate between accidental and abusive injuries in pediatric patients. Understanding the patterns and locations of bruises that are more likely indicative of abuse can help healthcare professionals intervene and protect vulnerable children. Recognizing these signs is crucial in advocating for the well-being of pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) neurofibromatosis. Neurofibromatosis is a genetic disorder characterized by the development of tumors along nerves, including optic gliomas. Optic gliomas are a common manifestation of neurofibromatosis type 1, making it the most likely genetic syndrome associated with an increased risk of optic glioma. Option A) Down syndrome is not typically associated with an increased risk of optic glioma. Down syndrome is a chromosomal disorder caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21. Option C) Monosomy, which refers to the presence of only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the usual two, is not directly related to an increased risk of optic glioma. Monosomy can lead to various genetic disorders, but optic glioma is not a common feature. Option D) Bloom's syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a predisposition to cancer but is not specifically linked to an increased risk of optic glioma. Educationally, understanding the associations between genetic syndromes and specific health conditions is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially for nurses preparing for the NCLEX RN exam. This knowledge helps in providing appropriate care, recognizing potential complications, and guiding patient education and support.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric oncology, tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a serious complication that can occur due to the rapid breakdown of cancer cells leading to metabolic imbalances. Burkitt lymphoma is more likely to manifest TLS because it is a highly proliferative malignancy with a high tumor burden, resulting in a significant release of intracellular contents upon treatment initiation. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a rapidly dividing cancer, but it usually presents with a lower tumor burden compared to Burkitt lymphoma. Nephroblastoma (Wilms tumor) and neuroblastoma are also childhood malignancies but are not typically associated with the high tumor burden that predisposes to TLS. Educationally, understanding the risk factors associated with TLS in pediatric oncology is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers caring for these patients. Recognizing the malignancies that are more likely to manifest TLS can help in early identification, monitoring, and prevention of this potentially life-threatening complication during cancer treatment. It also emphasizes the importance of close monitoring and prompt intervention to prevent TLS-related complications and improve patient outcomes.