ATI RN
ATI Capstone Pharmacology Pre-Assessment Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 13-month-old child recently arrived in the United States from a foreign country with his parents and needs childhood immunizations. His mother reports that he is allergic to eggs. Upon further questioning, you determine that the allergy to eggs is anaphylaxis. Which of the following vaccines should he not receive?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The MMR vaccine is cultured in chick embryo fibroblasts and may contain trace amounts of egg protein, posing a risk to individuals with severe egg allergies. Hepatitis B, inactivated polio, and DTaP vaccines do not contain egg proteins and are safe for this child. Precautions should be taken, and the vaccine should be administered under medical supervision if absolutely necessary.
Question 2 of 5
The primary beneficial action of epinephrine when performing root end surgery is which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Epinephrine primarily acts on beta1 adrenergic receptors in the alveolar mucosa during root end surgery. This results in vasoconstriction, which reduces bleeding in the surgical field by constricting blood vessels. With decreased bleeding, the surgical site becomes clearer, allowing for better visualization and manipulation during the procedure. Additionally, epinephrine may also prolong the duration of anesthesia by reducing systemic uptake of the local anesthetic solution, thus enhancing its effect locally.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following diuretics inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidneys while saving K+ and Hydrogen ions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which belongs to the aldosterone receptor antagonists. It works by inhibiting aldosterone activity in the distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts of the kidney. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption in exchange for potassium and hydrogen ions. By blocking aldosterone, Spironolactone allows for increased excretion of sodium while retaining potassium and hydrogen ions, making it a suitable choice for patients who need to maintain potassium levels or are at risk for hypokalemia.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is caring for a patient receiving IV heparin therapy for treatment of a pulmonary embolus. The patient is being converted to warfarin (Coumadin) therapy. The following questions relate nursing considerations when caring for this patient. Nursing considerations for conversion of IV heparin to oral warfarin (Coumadin) therapy will include
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When converting a patient from IV heparin to oral warfarin (Coumadin) therapy, it is important to overlap the two therapies for at least 5 days. This is because warfarin takes time to reach its full anticoagulant effect, and the patient needs to be adequately anticoagulated during this transition period to prevent the risk of thrombosis. The INR should be closely monitored, and the IV heparin should be stopped once the INR is in the therapeutic range. Simply discontinuing IV heparin and starting oral warfarin immediately could result in a period of inadequate anticoagulation, which could be dangerous for the patient, especially when transitioning from treatment for a pulmonary embolus.
Question 5 of 5
What is the therapeutic use of levothyroxine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Levothyroxine is a synthetic form of the thyroid hormone thyroxine (T4). It is primarily used for the treatment of hypothyroidism, a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. By providing exogenous levothyroxine, the medication helps to restore the normal hormonal balance in the body. This can alleviate symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, and other issues related to an underactive thyroid gland. Levothyroxine is not used for the suppression of seizure activity, decreased frequency of migraines, or treatment of ulcers.