A 12 year old girl complains about abrupt weakness, nausea, dizziness, vision impairment. The day before she ate home-made stockfish, beef. Examination revealed skin pallor, a scratch on the left knee, dryness of mucous membranes of oral pharynx, bilateral ptosis, mydriatic pupils. The girl is unable to read a simple text (mist over the eyes). What therapy would be the most adequate in this case?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Parenteral introduction of antitetanus serum. The symptoms described in the question, such as bilateral ptosis, mydriatic pupils, and difficulty reading, are indicative of tetanus infection. The source of infection could be the scratch on the knee, which allowed the tetanus bacteria to enter the body. The most appropriate therapy for tetanus is the administration of antitetanus serum to neutralize the tetanus toxin. Antibotulinic serum (choice A) is not appropriate as it is used for botulism, which presents differently. Disintoxication (choice B) is too general and does not address the specific cause of the symptoms. Antibiotics (choice C) are not effective in treating tetanus because it is caused by a toxin, not a bacterial infection. Therefore, the correct course of action is to administer antitetanus serum to the patient.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Protozoa. Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic organisms, meaning they have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotes have complex cellular structures that include a nucleus, mitochondria, and other organelles. Therefore, protozoa are eukaryotes. Viruses (B) are not considered cells and lack cellular structures. Viroids (C) are smaller infectious agents that consist of only RNA, lacking the cellular structure of eukaryotes. Prions (D) are infectious proteins and do not possess cellular structures like eukaryotes. So, protozoa are the only choice that relates to eukaryotes due to their cellular structure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lamblia. The presence of big pyriform cells with two nuclei in the duodenal contents indicates Giardia lamblia infection. This parasite is commonly found in contaminated water and causes symptoms like poor appetite and abdominal pain. Trichomonas, Amoeba, Trypanosoma, and Toxoplasma are not typically associated with these findings and symptoms. Therefore, Lamblia is the most likely microorganism based on the clinical presentation and microscopic examination results.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Anopheles mosquitoes are the primary vectors for transmitting malaria. 2. They prefer stagnant water for breeding, common in tropical regions. 3. Culex mosquitoes primarily spread diseases like West Nile virus. 4. Aedes mosquitoes transmit diseases like Zika and dengue fever. 5. Mansonia mosquitoes are known for transmitting filarial diseases. Therefore, the correct answer is A (Anopheles), as they are specifically associated with spreading malaria.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected cat feces. During pregnancy, Toxoplasma infection can result in severe birth defects such as microcephaly and mental retardation in the child. In this case, the presence of a cat in the family and the child's abnormalities suggest a possible link to Toxoplasmosis. Other choices are incorrect because: B: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies and does not typically cause the specific birth defects mentioned in the scenario. C: Dysentery is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the intestines and does not cause the neurological abnormalities described. D: Balantidiasis is a parasitic infection caused by Balantidium coli, a ciliated protozoan, but it is not associated with