ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Question Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 12-year-old female is complaining from stereotyped attacks of bitemporal, severe, pounding pain that are aggravated by activity and last for 1 to 72 hours. Of the following, the MOST likely associated diagnosis is
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Migraine headache fits bitemporal, severe, pounding pain lasting 1-72 hours, worsened by activity, per ICHD-3. Tension is band-like, mild; secondary needs underlying cause (e.g., tumor, D); sinusitis is facial. Migrainthrobbing stereotype make B the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency and is defined as ongoing seizure activity or repetitive seizurwithout return of consciousness for greater than
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Status epilepticus is defined as >30 minutof seizuror no recovery between, per ILAE, risking neuronal damage. Shorter is prolonged; longer (C-E) exceeds standard. Thirty minutguidintervention, making B the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
A 6-month-old infant presents with severe hypotonia and generalized weakness, his creatine phosphokinase (CK) is mildly elevated, the electromyelogram (EMG) shows fasciculations and fibrillations, muscle biopsy specimens show grouped atrophy. Of the following, the MOST likely finding in this infant is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Absent deep tendon reflexfit spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), per pediatric neurology, with hypotonia, weakness, mild CK elevation, and EMG/biopsy showing denervation (fasciculations, grouped atrophy). Sensation is spared; ptosis myasthenic; cognition normal; Moro irrelevant. Reflex loss from anterior horn cell loss makes A the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
An adolescent patient develops both proximal and distal weakness of the extremitiin an episodic, relapsing-remitting pattern; he also experiencnumbness and tingling. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: CIDP fits relapsing-remitting proximal/distal weakness with numbness, per neurology, from immune-mediated demyelination. CMT is progressive; myasthenia fatigable; hypothyroidism systemic; Guillain-Barré acute. CIDPs pattern makes D the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
The triad of complete agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle, and enlarged posterior fossa is seen in
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dandy-Walker malformation featurvermis agenesis, fourth ventricle cyst, and enlarged posterior fossa, per radiology texts. Corpus callosum agenesis affects midline; holoprosencephaly forebrain; hydranencephaly cortex loss. Triad specificity make B the correct answer.