A 12-month-old boy weighed 8 lb 2 oz at birth. What weight should the nurse expect him to be now?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) 24 lb 6 oz. The expected weight of a child can be estimated using the rule of doubling the birth weight by 6 months and tripling it by 1 year. Given that the baby weighed 8 lb 2 oz at birth, we can calculate the expected weight at 12 months by tripling the birth weight. A) 16 lb 4 oz: This option is incorrect because it only doubles the birth weight, whereas by 12 months, the weight is expected to triple. B) 20 lb 5 oz: This option is incorrect as it does not accurately reflect the expected weight gain of a child by 12 months. D) 32 lb 8 oz: This option is incorrect as it overestimates the weight gain of the child by 12 months based on the rule of tripling the birth weight. Educationally, understanding expected growth patterns in pediatric patients is crucial for healthcare providers to monitor their development accurately. By knowing these milestones, nurses can identify any deviations from the norm and intervene early if necessary to ensure optimal growth and development for the child. This knowledge is essential for providing holistic and effective pediatric care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In a child with hepatitis, it is crucial to offer easily digestible and gentle foods to prevent further stress on the liver. Option B, clear liquids such as broth and Jell-O, is the most appropriate choice because these foods are light, easily digestible, and provide hydration without overloading the liver. Broth is rich in nutrients and helps maintain electrolyte balance, while Jell-O provides a source of energy without being too heavy. Option A, a tuna sandwich on whole-wheat bread and skim milk, may be too heavy and difficult to digest for a child with hepatitis. The protein in tuna and the fat in milk could strain the liver, which is already compromised due to hepatitis. Option C, a hamburger, French fries, and a diet soda, is high in fat, salt, and processed ingredients, which can be challenging for the liver to process and may exacerbate symptoms of hepatitis. Option D, a peanut butter sandwich and a milkshake, contains high-fat foods that may be difficult for a liver with hepatitis to metabolize. The rich content in peanut butter and milkshake can be taxing on the liver and should be avoided. Educationally, it is important for healthcare providers and caregivers to understand the dietary considerations for children with hepatitis to support the liver's recovery and overall health. Providing appropriate foods can help manage symptoms, promote healing, and prevent further complications in pediatric patients with hepatitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) fathers. In cases of physical abuse towards children, research shows that fathers are more likely to cause serious injuries such as head or abdominal trauma. This is due to various factors including physical strength, aggression tendencies, and historical societal roles that have attributed more physical discipline to fathers. It is important to recognize this trend in order to effectively address and prevent child abuse. Option A) mothers are less likely to inflict serious physical injuries compared to fathers. While mothers can also engage in child abuse, severe physical harm is statistically more common with fathers. Option C) old brothers are not as commonly associated with serious physical abuse towards children as fathers are. Typically, older siblings may engage in rough play or minor conflicts, but the likelihood of causing serious injuries like head or abdominal trauma is lower. Option D) grandmothers are also less likely to inflict serious physical harm on children compared to fathers. While grandparents may play a role in caregiving, the statistics and research point towards fathers as being more prone to causing severe injuries. Educationally, understanding the patterns and risk factors of child abuse can aid healthcare professionals, educators, and social workers in early identification, intervention, and prevention strategies. By recognizing the higher risk posed by fathers in causing serious physical harm to children, appropriate support and resources can be directed towards at-risk families to ensure the safety and well-being of children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) etoposide. Etoposide is known to be associated with secondary acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) as a long-term complication of its use in cancer therapy. Etoposide can cause damage to the DNA of hematopoietic stem cells, leading to the development of AML later on. A) Cyclophosphamide is not typically associated with secondary AML as a long-term complication. B) Vincristine is not known to cause secondary AML. D) Doxorubicin is not commonly associated with secondary AML. In an educational context, it is essential for healthcare providers to be aware of the potential long-term side effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Understanding the specific risks associated with each drug can help in making informed decisions when selecting treatment options for pediatric patients. Monitoring for late effects, such as secondary malignancies, is crucial in survivorship care for pediatric oncology patients.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), primary mediastinal involvement is more specific compared to other types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. ALCL is characterized by CD30 positivity and t(2;5) translocation resulting in the expression of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). This subtype often presents with a mediastinal mass, which can lead to symptoms such as cough, chest pain, or superior vena cava syndrome. Option A, primary bone marrow involvement, is more common in lymphoblastic lymphoma. Option B, intestinal involvement, is seen in extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). Option C, CNS involvement, is more typical of Burkitt lymphoma or primary CNS lymphoma. Understanding the specific clinical manifestations associated with different types of lymphoma is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management. This knowledge helps healthcare providers make informed decisions regarding appropriate treatment strategies and prognostic considerations for patients.