ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Answer Key Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 100-kg patient gets hemodialysis 3 days a week. In planning the care for this patient, the nurse recommends
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because a patient undergoing hemodialysis requires a higher caloric intake to meet their energy needs and prevent malnutrition. Hemodialysis can lead to protein loss, so a diet high in calories helps maintain muscle mass. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because protein intake is usually increased to prevent malnutrition, potassium restrictions are individualized based on lab values, and fluid restrictions are typically based on the patient's weight and urine output.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is completing a history for an older patient at risk for an acidosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because it includes relevant questions to assess risk factors related to acidosis in an older patient. Asking about breathing problems, medications, activity intolerance, drowsiness, decreased alertness, dizziness, and tinnitus helps identify potential causes or symptoms of acidosis. Choices B and C do not cover all key areas of concern for acidosis assessment, such as breathing problems and dizziness. Choice D is incorrect because drowsiness and bowel movements can be relevant to acidosis evaluation in older adults.
Question 3 of 5
What state will the body be in if the ingestion and metabolic synthesis of a substance is less than its metabolic utilization and excretion?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Ingestion and metabolic synthesis less than utilization and excretion result in a deficit. Step 2: A negative balance occurs when there is a deficit in the body's overall substance levels. Step 3: Negative balance indicates that the body is losing more of the substance than it is gaining. Therefore, choice C (negative balance) is correct as it accurately describes the state of the body in this scenario. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the concept of a deficit in substance levels as seen in a negative balance.
Question 4 of 5
Which tissues in the body contain the lowest percentage of water?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: skeleton. Bones have the lowest percentage of water content compared to other tissues. Bones are composed of minerals, mainly calcium and phosphorus, which make up a significant portion of their structure. Adipose tissue (B) contains a higher percentage of water due to its role in storing fat. Muscle tissue (C) has a moderate water content as it is composed of water, proteins, and other substances. Blood (A) has the highest percentage of water among the choices due to its liquid nature and functions in transportation and circulation.
Question 5 of 5
Interstitial fluid makes up what percentage of intracellular fluid?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A (0 percent) because interstitial fluid is the fluid that surrounds the cells outside of the cell membrane, not the fluid within the cells themselves. Intracellular fluid refers to the fluid inside the cells, which does not include interstitial fluid. Therefore, interstitial fluid does not make up any percentage of intracellular fluid. Explanation for other choices: B: 25 percent - This is incorrect because interstitial fluid is not part of intracellular fluid, so it cannot make up a percentage of it. C: 50 percent - This is incorrect as well for the same reason as above. D: 75 percent - This is also incorrect because interstitial fluid is not part of intracellular fluid at all.