ATI RN
Genetic Disorders in Pediatrics Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 10-year-old boy is referred to the physician because of learning problems and a lack of motivation in school. His family history is unremarkable. Physical examination is normal except for single palmar creases of the hands and curved fifth fingers (clinodactyly). The physician decides to order a karyotype. Which of the following indications for obtaining a karyotype would best explain the physician’s decision in this case?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Learning problems and congenital anomalies (single palmar creases, clinodactyly) suggest a possible chromosomal disorder, warranting a karyotype.
Question 2 of 5
Huntington’s disease is an example of a genetic disorder caused by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Huntington’s is caused by a dominant allele with late onset (typically adulthood), and it is lethal due to progressive neurodegeneration.
Question 3 of 5
Why are individuals with an extra chromosome 21, which causes Down syndrome, more numerous than individuals with an extra chromosome 3 or chromosome 16?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) is viable, while trisomies of larger chromosomes like 3 or 16 are typically lethal due to greater gene disruption.
Question 4 of 5
Cancer causing agents are called:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Carcinogens are agents that cause cancer, distinct from mutagens (cause mutations) or teratogens (cause birth defects).
Question 5 of 5
is a type of cancer-causing gene that promotes cancer by activating cell division at an inappropriate time or place:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oncogenes are mutated proto-oncogenes that drive uncontrolled cell division.