A 10-month-old child can do all the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) speaks inhibition word 'no.' At 10 months, children typically develop receptive language skills, understanding simple commands and pointing to objects or saying their first words. However, the ability to use inhibition words like "no" usually emerges later, around 18-24 months. Option A is incorrect because saying "mama" or "dada" is a common milestone around 6-9 months. Option B is incorrect as following a one-step command without gesture is expected around 12 months. Option C is incorrect as pointing to objects or saying a first word is also a typical milestone by 10 months. In an educational context, understanding typical developmental milestones in language acquisition is crucial for educators and healthcare professionals working with children. Recognizing these milestones can help identify potential developmental delays early, allowing for timely intervention and support. By understanding what is developmentally appropriate at different ages, professionals can provide more targeted and effective care and support for children's language development.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric practice, autism screening is a crucial component of early childhood developmental assessments. The correct answer, option B (18 to 24 months), is based on current recommendations from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). At 18 to 24 months, children undergo critical developmental milestones related to social interactions, communication, and behavior. This is a key age range for detecting early signs of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) when symptoms may start to manifest. Early identification and intervention for ASD can lead to improved outcomes and quality of life for children. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because they fall outside the recommended screening age range. Screening too early (option A) may not capture subtle signs of ASD that become more apparent as the child grows older. On the other hand, delaying screening until 24 to 36 months (option C) or 36 to 48 months (option D) can result in missed opportunities for early intervention, which is crucial for children with ASD. Educationally, understanding the timing of autism screening in children is essential for healthcare providers, pediatricians, early childhood educators, and parents. By knowing when to conduct these screenings, professionals can work together to ensure timely detection, referral, and support for children who may be at risk for ASD. This knowledge empowers stakeholders to promote early intervention strategies that can positively impact a child's developmental trajectory.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) administer activated charcoal immediately and measure the plasma level of acetaminophen 4 hours after ingestion. The rationale behind this is that activated charcoal helps prevent the absorption of the acetaminophen in the gastrointestinal tract, reducing the overall toxicity. By administering activated charcoal promptly, you can decrease the amount of acetaminophen that enters the bloodstream, thereby minimizing potential harm to the patient's liver. Option A is incorrect because measuring the plasma level at this moment may not accurately reflect the extent of toxicity since the absorption of acetaminophen is ongoing. Waiting until 4 hours after ingestion, as mentioned in option B, delays potential life-saving interventions. Option D is dangerous as ingestion of this magnitude can indeed be toxic and requires immediate medical attention. Educationally, understanding the timing and importance of interventions in cases of acetaminophen overdose is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients to ensure timely and appropriate care delivery. By grasping the significance of prompt administration of activated charcoal and the timing of plasma level measurements, healthcare professionals can effectively manage acetaminophen toxicity in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) behavioral insomnia of childhood. Behavioral insomnia of childhood is characterized by a child's refusal to go to bed, remaining active, and experiencing difficulty falling asleep. This behavior is often due to learned associations, parental responses, or environmental factors that disrupt the child's sleep routine. Option A) thyrotoxicosis is unlikely in this case as it is a medical condition involving an overactive thyroid gland, leading to symptoms such as hyperactivity, but it is not the primary cause of bedtime refusal. Option B) ADHD, while it can present with hyperactivity and difficulties with impulse control, is not the most likely cause in this context unless there are other consistent behavioral patterns and symptoms present. Option D) sleep-onset association disorder involves difficulty falling asleep without certain conditions or associations present, which is not the primary issue in this case. Educationally, understanding common childhood sleep disorders is essential for healthcare providers, parents, and educators to support children's healthy sleep habits. Recognizing the signs, symptoms, and appropriate management strategies for behavioral insomnia of childhood can help address sleep disturbances in children and promote overall well-being and development. It is crucial to consider behavioral and environmental factors when evaluating sleep issues in children to provide targeted interventions and support.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is option D: roll over. By the age of 7 months, infants typically develop the ability to roll over from their back to their stomach and vice versa. This milestone is usually achieved around 4-6 months of age, so by 7 months, most infants have mastered this skill. Option A, transferring objects from hand to hand, is a fine motor skill that infants usually develop around 6-7 months of age, so it is appropriate for this age range. Option B, actively bouncing, is a gross motor skill that infants often display around 6-9 months as they gain strength in their legs. Option C, using a radial palm grasp, is a fine motor skill that typically emerges around 7-8 months. This grasp involves using the thumb and one or more fingers to pick up small objects, showing the development of fine motor control. Understanding these developmental milestones in infants is crucial for healthcare providers, educators, and caregivers to assess a child's growth and development accurately. It helps identify any potential delays or concerns early on, allowing for timely intervention and support. By recognizing these milestones, professionals can ensure that children receive appropriate care and support to reach their full potential.