A 1-year-old with acute renal failure (ARF) is edematous with minimal urine output. Vital signs: HR 146, BP 176/92, RR 42; the child has nasal flaring and retractions. Despite oral Kayexalate, serum potassium continues to rise. Which treatment will most benefit the child?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: When ARF deteriorates and electrolyte imbalances worsen, peritoneal dialysis (via a Tenckhoff catheter) is indicated.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The screening test for PKU (Phenylketonuria) is most reliable when the blood sample is fresh and taken from the heel. This is because the test requires a small amount of blood, and obtaining a fresh sample from the heel minimizes the risk of contamination and ensures accurate results. Additionally, collecting the blood sample from the heel is less invasive for the newborn and is a common practice for newborn screening tests. Blood samples taken from cord blood, 14 days after birth, or before oral feedings are initiated may not provide accurate results for the PKU screening test.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The statement "Diabetes mellitus is three times more common in Hispanics than in Blacks or Whites" is accurate and supported by data. Studies have shown that diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2 diabetes, is more prevalent among Hispanic populations compared to Black or White populations. Factors such as genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices, and socioeconomic status can contribute to this disparity. It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of these trends to provide appropriate and culturally sensitive care to individuals at higher risk for diabetes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: As people age, changes in the lens of the eye can lead to difficulty focusing on close objects, a condition known as presbyopia. Suggesting the use of glasses or contact lenses can help older clients compensate for these age-related lens changes and improve their visual acuity for tasks such as reading or other close-up activities. Glasses or contact lenses prescribed by an eye care professional can provide the appropriate magnification needed to address the visual changes associated with aging, promoting comfort and maintaining independence for older clients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Clients with autoimmune disorders often experience periods of immunosuppression, where their immune system is compromised and less effective at fighting off infections. Being in crowded places increases the risk of exposure to infectious agents, which can pose a greater threat to individuals with weakened immune systems. It is important for clients with autoimmune disorders to avoid crowds during periods of immunosuppression to reduce the risk of infections and other complications.