ATI RN
Pediatric Emergency Nursing PICO Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 1-year-old with acute renal failure (ARF) is edematous with minimal urine output. Vital signs: HR 146, BP 176/92, RR 42; the child has nasal flaring and retractions. Despite oral Kayexalate, serum potassium continues to rise. Which treatment will most benefit the child?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When ARF deteriorates and electrolyte imbalances worsen, peritoneal dialysis (via a Tenckhoff catheter) is indicated.
Question 2 of 5
Which is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Streptococcus viridans is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis. This group of bacteria consists of various species, including S. sanguinis and S. mutans, which normally reside in the oral cavity and are commonly associated with endocarditis following dental procedures. Streptococcus viridans can enter the bloodstream due to dental work, oral infections, or trauma to the oral tissues, and cause infective endocarditis by adhering to damaged heart valves or endocardium. Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus species are other common pathogens associated with endocarditis, but Streptococcus viridans remains the most prevalent causative agent.
Question 3 of 5
A newborn is being discharged at age 48 hours. The parents ask how the newborn should be bathed this first week home. How should the nurse recommend to bathe the newborn?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is recommended to bathe a newborn only a few times during the first week with plain water to avoid drying out the baby's delicate skin. Newborns do not need to be bathed daily, as excessive bathing can strip their skin of natural oils and lead to dryness or irritation. Plain water is gentle and sufficient for cleaning a newborn's skin without causing any harm. After the first week, parents can gradually introduce mild soap if needed for cleaning, but it is still not necessary to bathe the baby daily.
Question 4 of 5
What orders would likely be included fro a client diagnosed with multiple myeloma?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Corticosteroid therapy is commonly used in the treatment of multiple myeloma. It is often part of the initial treatment plan for this disease and is used to help control the cancer cells by reducing inflammation and immune responses. Corticosteroids can help manage symptoms such as pain and complications related to the disease. Bed rest, fluid restriction, and calcium replacement therapy may not be directly indicated for multiple myeloma treatment.
Question 5 of 5
A man with a history of diabetes and chronic lung disease is admitted to the hospital with prostate cancer. He has all the following symptoms. Which should the nurse address first?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In this case, the nurse should address the respiratory rate of 36 breaths per minute first, as it indicates potential respiratory distress in a patient with chronic lung disease. Rapid and shallow breathing could be a sign of worsening lung function or complications such as pneumonia, which require immediate attention to ensure adequate oxygenation and prevent further deterioration. Monitoring and addressing the patient's respiratory status are crucial in preventing respiratory failure and other serious complications.