A 1-year-old infant is known to have heart disease & is noted to be cyanosed. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tricuspid atresia leads to severe cyanosis due to lack of right atrioventricular connection, necessitating a right-to-left shunt for survival. It presents early with cyanosis and hypoxia requiring urgent intervention.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Gastroesophageal reflux is the most common cause of spitting, vomiting, and food refusal in infants and young children. Other conditions are less frequent and typically present with additional specific symptoms.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Heimlich maneuver is an emergency technique used to expel foreign objects from the airway in choking individuals. It creates positive pressure to force the obstruction out of the trachea.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Heart failure is not a common feature of TOF due to the obstructed right ventricular outflow, which limits pulmonary overcirculation.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Gestational age and birth weight are the most critical risk factors for NEC, with lower gestational age and lower birth weight significantly increasing the risk.