ATI RN
NCLEX Questions Pediatric Infectious Diseases Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 1-year-old child experiences ascending paralysis with peripheral neuropathy (cranial nerves are normal); the CSF is normal except for an elevated protein level. The likely infectious agent precipitating this syndrome is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Campylobacter jejuni is a common trigger for Guillain-Barré syndrome, characterized by ascending paralysis and elevated CSF protein.
Question 2 of 5
A child who returned 2 weeks ago from equatorial Africa is admitted in a coma, with high fever and a palpable spleen. The liver is not enlarged. Laboratory studies reveal hypoglycemia, but the CSF is essentially normal. An immediate working diagnosis would be
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Falciparum malaria can cause coma, fever, splenomegaly, and hypoglycemia with normal CSF.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following blood products has been shown to be of greatest risk in transfusion-associated disease due to $Y$. enterocolitica?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Y. enterocolitica thrives in stored RBCs, increasing transfusion risk.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following therapeutic options is the optimal method to manage symptomatic nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Surgical excision is the preferred treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial lymphadenitis.
Question 5 of 5
A 5-year-old black male has had fever, headache, abdominal pain, and muscle aches for the preceding 3-4 days. His temperature is $103.4^{\circ} \mathrm{F}$, heart rate is 130, and respirations are 40 per minute. He appears acutely ill and dehydrated. He has no rash. No history of tick bite is obtained, and the child had recently been camping in rural Wisconsin. Laboratory findings include WBC count of $2,300 / \mathrm{mm}^3, 24 \%$ segmented neutrophils, $65 \%$ bands, $8 \%$ lymphocytes, and platelet count $57,000 / \mathrm{mm}^5$. Elevations in serum AST (465 IU/L; normal, 0-40 IU/L) were also present. A peripheral blood smear reveals small blue clusters of bacterialike bodies in an aggregate within the cytoplasm of $1 \%$ of circulating mononuclear WBCs. What is the most appropriate diagnosis?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ehrlichiosis matches the fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and intracytoplasmic inclusions seen on smear.