A 1-week-old infant presents with poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, and opisthotonus posturing. The critical impression is meningitis, but all cultures are negative. Seizures occur and hypoglycemia is documented; however, the seizures do not stop after the hypoglycemia is corrected with intravenous glucose. The arterial blood gas is 7.10 PCO2 23, PO2 90, with an anion gap of 35. A CT scan demonstrates cerebral edema. The most likely etiology is

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Endocrine System Pediatric Questions

Question 1 of 5

A 1-week-old infant presents with poor feeding, vomiting, lethargy, and opisthotonus posturing. The critical impression is meningitis, but all cultures are negative. Seizures occur and hypoglycemia is documented; however, the seizures do not stop after the hypoglycemia is corrected with intravenous glucose. The arterial blood gas is 7.10 PCO2 23, PO2 90, with an anion gap of 35. A CT scan demonstrates cerebral edema. The most likely etiology is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Organic acidemia (e.g., propionic or methylmalonic) causes acidosis, anion gap, seizures, and cerebral edema unresponsive to glucose.

Question 2 of 5

A 5-day-old infant manifests tachypnea, poor feeding, vomiting, and decreased responsiveness. A sepsis workup is performed, and the child is started on a D10W infusion and receives ampicillin and cefotaxime. The condition worsens, and the child becomes unresponsive to stimuli. All cultures are negative after 48 hours. The arterial blood gas is 7.45, PCO2 36, PO2 100, the anion gap is normal, the blood glucose is 75 mg/dL, and serum ammonia is 500 μM. The most likely diagnosis is

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Urea cycle defects (e.g., OTC deficiency) cause hyperammonemia without acidosis, fitting this profile.

Question 3 of 5

Chronic therapy for the patient in the previous question is best characterized by

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Avoiding prolonged fasting prevents hypoglycemia in MCAD deficiency by maintaining glucose levels.

Question 4 of 5

Matching: Least severe

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Refsum disease is among the least severe, treatable peroxisomal disorders.

Question 5 of 5

Matching: Lipidosis - Tay-Sachs

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Tay-Sachs features a cherry red spot on the retina.

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