A 1-month-old infant is left alone for extended periods, has little physical stimulation, and is malnourished. Based on this infants history, in which phase of development according to Mahlers theory should a nurse expect to see a potential deficit?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: According to Mahler's theory of separation-individuation, the symbiotic phase occurs during the first few months of life and is characterized by the infant's dependence on the primary caregiver for physical and emotional needs. In this phase, there is a sense of oneness and unity between the infant and the caregiver, forming the basis of trust and attachment. The lack of appropriate care, physical stimulation, and proper nourishment during this crucial period can lead to deficits in the development of trust, attachment, and a sense of basic security. Therefore, in the given scenario of a 1-month-old infant being left alone for extended periods, having little physical stimulation, and being malnourished, one would expect to see potential deficits in the symbiotic phase of development according to Mahler's theory.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: This statement reflects the achievement of Erikson's generativity versus stagnation developmental stage where individuals in middle adulthood (generativity stage) feel a sense of productivity and contribution to the next generation. Feeling fulfilled and satisfied with one's accomplishments and relationships can lead to a sense of generativity, which is characterized by a positive outlook on life and a readiness to face the end of life without fear or regret. The statement implies a sense of fulfillment and readiness to accept mortality, indicating successful completion of this developmental stage.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Erikson's developmental task of integrity in late adulthood involves reflecting on one's life and accepting both the successes and failures one has experienced. By encouraging a life review of triumphs and disappointments, a nurse helps the client to look back on their life experiences, find meaning in them, and work towards achieving a sense of wholeness and contentment. This process can help the client reconcile with past events, come to terms with any unresolved issues, and develop a sense of integrity and acceptance of themselves and their life story. It also allows for personal growth and emotional healing, which are essential aspects of achieving integrity according to Erikson's theory.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response in the body, which is activated in stressful situations. This response prepares the body to react quickly to perceived threats, such as increased heart rate, dilated pupils, and increased adrenaline production. Therefore, during stressful situations, the sympathetic nervous system plays a major role in mobilizing the body's resources to respond effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Reuptake is the term that best explains the process of how neurotransmitters released into the synaptic cleft may return to the presynaptic neuron. After neurotransmitters are released into the synaptic cleft to transmit signals between neurons, they need to be removed from the cleft to allow for new signals to be transmitted. Reuptake is the process by which the presynaptic neuron reabsorbs the neurotransmitters that were released into the synaptic cleft, recycling them for later use. This process helps in regulating the levels of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft, ensuring proper signaling between neurons. Regeneration, on the other hand, refers to the process of growing new neurons or nerve fibers. Recycling is a general term that may not specifically apply to the reabsorption of neurotransmitters, while retransmission is not a recognized term in this context.