A ___________ manager supervises a number of first-level managers, usually within related specialties.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: middle-level manager. Middle-level managers oversee first-level managers and coordinate activities within related specialties. They bridge the gap between top-level executives and front-line employees, ensuring organizational goals are met. A: Self-directed managers work autonomously, not supervising other managers. B: First-level managers supervise front-line employees, not other managers. D: Self-motivated is a personal trait and not a managerial level.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Preoccupation with failure. High reliability organizations (HROs) prioritize identifying and addressing potential failures to prevent catastrophic events. This focus on failure helps them anticipate, detect, and respond to risks effectively. A: Flexibility may be important but not a defining characteristic of HROs. B: Reluctance to simplify is not a common characteristic as HROs value simplicity and clarity in communication. D: Deference to expertise is beneficial but not exclusive to HROs as many organizations value expertise. Therefore, the preoccupation with failure is the key characteristic of a high reliability organization.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Encouraging open communication. This strategy promotes understanding, empathy, and collaboration among conflicting parties. It allows individuals to express their thoughts and feelings, leading to mutual respect and potential solutions. Ignoring the conflict (A) can escalate tensions, while assigning blame (B) can create hostility. Enforcing strict rules (D) may suppress conflict temporarily but does not address underlying issues. In summary, open communication fosters constructive dialogue and facilitates resolving conflicts effectively.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mentor and educator for new nurses. A nurse preceptor guides and supports new nurses in their transition to the workplace, providing mentorship and educational resources. This role involves teaching clinical skills, sharing knowledge, and offering emotional support. A: Supervisor of all nursing staff - Incorrect. A nurse preceptor focuses on mentoring new nurses, not supervising all nursing staff. C: Director of nursing services - Incorrect. The director of nursing services is a higher-level administrative position responsible for overseeing the nursing department. D: Coordinator of patient care - Incorrect. While a nurse preceptor may assist in coordinating patient care for their assigned nurse, their primary role is to mentor and educate new nurses.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary goal of a nursing informatics specialist is to improve healthcare delivery. This involves utilizing technology and data to enhance patient outcomes, streamline processes, and increase efficiency in healthcare settings. Nursing informatics specialists focus on integrating information systems to provide better decision-making tools for healthcare providers, ultimately leading to improved patient care. Managing patient care (choice A) is typically the responsibility of healthcare providers, while implementing new technology (choice B) and supporting clinical decisions (choice D) are important aspects but not the primary goal of a nursing informatics specialist, whose main focus is on enhancing healthcare delivery through the effective use of technology and data.