7-year-old Damon has cystitis; which of the following would Nurse Elena expect when assessing the child?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Cystitis is inflammation of the bladder, commonly caused by a bacterial infection. In children, symptoms of cystitis often include dysuria, which is painful or difficult urination. This symptom is frequently observed in children with cystitis. Costovertebral tenderness and flank pain are more indicative of kidney involvement (such as in pyelonephritis) rather than just bladder inflammation like in cystitis. High fever may also be present in severe cases of cystitis, but dysuria is the more specific and common symptom associated with this condition in children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the case of Reggie, a teenager with osteomyelitis, the nurse would expect him to present with a fever. This is because osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone, which often leads to systemic symptoms such as fever as the body tries to fight off the infection. Irritability and pallor are not specific symptoms of osteomyelitis. While a patient with any infection may experience irritability due to feeling unwell, it is not a defining symptom of osteomyelitis. Pallor, or paleness, is also a non-specific symptom that can be seen in various conditions and is not unique to osteomyelitis. Tenderness, on the other hand, is a symptom that can be associated with osteomyelitis. The affected bone is likely to be tender to touch due to inflammation and infection. However, in this scenario, fever is the most characteristic symptom associated with osteomyelitis in Reggie. From an educational perspective, understanding the specific symptoms of different conditions is crucial for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Teaching students to recognize key clinical manifestations of osteomyelitis, such as fever and tenderness, helps develop their clinical reasoning skills and improves patient care outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In a celiac crisis, which is a severe form of reaction to gluten ingestion in individuals with celiac disease, symptoms can include severe diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and lethargy. The upper respiratory tract infection adds an additional stressor to the body, further worsening the symptoms. Lethargy is often seen in such cases due to the body's reaction to the illness and malabsorption of nutrients caused by celiac disease. While weight loss is common in celiac disease due to malabsorption, weight gain is unlikely in a celiac crisis. Respiratory distress is not a typical symptom directly related to celiac disease or its crisis. Watery diarrhea can be a common symptom of celiac disease, but specific to the question, lethargy would be the most expected assessment finding in Steve's case.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Pneumococcal pneumonia often presents with symptoms such as chest pain due to inflammation of the lung tissue. In children, chest pain may be a common symptom alongside other signs like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Since Fred has been diagnosed with pneumococcal pneumonia, Nurse Nica would expect to assess him for chest pain as part of the typical presentation of this condition in children.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pain management is a crucial component in the plan of care for a preschool-age child admitted with a vasoocclusive sickle cell crisis. Sickle cell disease causes blood vessels to become blocked, leading to ischemia and pain. Managing pain promptly and effectively is necessary to improve the child's comfort level and prevent complications. Pain management strategies typically involve the use of analgesic medications, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or opioids, tailored to the child's age and weight. Additionally, non-pharmacological interventions like distraction techniques and positioning can help in reducing pain and promoting relaxation in children during a sickle cell crisis.