30yr NZ man goes to PNG, takes 300 mg chloroquine weekly for 2 weeks prior and 4 weeks post his trip. 3/12 later gets febrile/sweats/maleana with malaria parasites on film. The following is true

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: PNG has high chloroquine resistance, especially for P. falciparum; his symptoms suggest breakthrough infection, warranting resistant treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Hand washing is the cornerstone of standard precautions, significantly reducing pathogen transmission.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All listed areas (ER, dental clinics, ICUs) are high-risk for infections due to patient volume, procedures, or critical care, requiring infection control oversight.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Infections in health care facilities (HCFs) can originate from multiple sources including health personnel, contaminated equipment, air, and other patients, making E the correct answer as it encompasses all listed sources.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: HCF infections are often more costly, have higher morbidity/mortality, and can be harder to diagnose due to resistant organisms, but A is incorrect—most are bacterial, not viral. Thus, E (all except A) is correct.