2 What is the purpose of the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA)?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: To encourage people to make decisions about advance directives. The Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) aims to empower individuals to express their healthcare preferences in advance through advance directives such as living wills and healthcare proxies. This helps ensure that patients' wishes regarding medical treatment are known and respected. Choice A is incorrect because the PSDA is not related to in-service training for nursing assistants. Choice B is incorrect as the act primarily focuses on patient autonomy rather than the privacy of health information. Choice D is incorrect because the act does not pertain to detailing how abuse should be reported.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Social wellness. By encouraging the resident to play cards with friends, the nursing assistant is promoting social interactions and connections. Social wellness focuses on building and maintaining positive relationships, which can improve mental health and overall well-being. Playing cards with friends allows for social engagement, communication, and a sense of belonging. Physical wellness (A) pertains to physical health, emotional wellness (C) involves managing emotions, and intellectual wellness (D) focuses on mental stimulation. However, in this scenario, the emphasis is on promoting social interactions, making choice B the most appropriate answer.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: A pathogen or microorganism that causes disease. This is because a causative agent is specifically defined as a factor, such as a microorganism or pathogen, that can directly lead to the development of a disease. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not fully capture the essence of a causative agent. Choice A is too broad, choice C refers to normal flora which are not necessarily causative agents, and choice D describes the incubation period of an infection rather than the actual agent causing the disease.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Clear walkways of clutter. This is the best way a nursing assistant can help prevent falls because clutter-free walkways reduce tripping hazards. Removing obstacles ensures a safe environment for residents. Keeping lights low (choice B) can actually increase the risk of falls due to poor visibility. Moving call lights further away from residents (choice C) can hinder their ability to quickly call for help in case of emergencies. Leaving spills for housekeeping to clean (choice D) poses an immediate slipping hazard. Thus, clearing walkways of clutter is the most effective measure to prevent falls.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because having the resident lean forward and place her head between her knees can help increase blood flow to the brain, potentially preventing fainting. This position helps improve circulation and oxygenation to the brain, reducing the risk of fainting. A: Trying to have the resident stand up before fainting occurs may lead to a fall and injury. C: Tightening the resident's clothing restricts blood flow and does not address the underlying cause of fainting. D: Leaving the resident alone as soon as symptoms disappear is unsafe as the cause of fainting should be addressed and monitored.