1. To monitor for complications in a patient with type 2 diabetes, which tests will the nurse in the diabetic clinic schedule at least annually (select one that doesn't apply)?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for correct answer (C): 1. Chest x-ray is not routinely recommended for monitoring complications of type 2 diabetes. 2. Annual blood pressure monitoring is crucial for assessing cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. 3. Serum creatinine test helps evaluate kidney function, which is often impaired in diabetes. 4. Urine microalbuminuria test detects early signs of kidney damage, common in diabetes. Summary of incorrect choices: A: Blood pressure monitoring is essential for assessing cardiovascular risk in diabetes. B: Serum creatinine test is important for evaluating kidney function in diabetic patients. D: Urine microalbuminuria test helps detect early kidney damage in diabetes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Job description. Job description is NOT an outcome of a job analysis. Job analysis is the process of gathering information about a job to identify its duties, responsibilities, and requirements. Job specification, option A, is an outcome of job analysis as it outlines the qualifications and skills needed for a job. Job evaluation, option B, is also an outcome of job analysis as it involves assessing the relative worth of different jobs in an organization. Job performance, option D, is indirectly influenced by job analysis as it helps in setting performance expectations. Only job description, option C, is not directly derived from the process of job analysis, making it the correct answer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Shared responsibility. In team nursing, all team members share responsibility for patient care, promoting collaboration and teamwork. This principle ensures that each team member contributes to decision-making and patient outcomes. A: Decentralized decision making is not a key principle of team nursing as it involves individual team members making decisions independently, which can lead to lack of coordination. B: Centralized decision making is also not a key principle of team nursing as it involves decision-making being controlled by a single authority, undermining the collaborative nature of team nursing. C: Individual accountability is important in team nursing, but it is not the key principle. Shared responsibility emphasizes collective accountability and collaboration among team members.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, "All of the above." Prejudice can lead to discrimination in healthcare access. Different socioeconomic status can limit affordability of healthcare services. Differences in language can hinder effective communication and understanding of healthcare information. All three factors contribute to barriers in healthcare access, affecting individuals from diverse backgrounds. By selecting D, we acknowledge the multifaceted nature of barriers to healthcare in a culturally diverse society.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because managers always have legitimate power. This is due to their formal position within an organization, giving them the authority to make decisions, allocate resources, and direct the work of subordinates. This power is typically designated by the organization's hierarchy and structure. Choice A is incorrect because leaders can possess different types of power, such as referent or expert power, not just legitimate power. Choice B is incorrect because while leaders and managers have distinct roles, some individuals can excel in both capacities. Choice C is incorrect because managers are expected to exhibit leadership qualities in addition to their managerial responsibilities.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because virtue ethics focuses on developing moral character rather than following strict rules. Virtue ethics emphasizes cultivating good habits and virtues to guide behavior. This approach values the inherent qualities of a person rather than relying on external rules or consequences. Option A is incorrect as virtue ethics does not rely on fixed moral rules. Option B is incorrect as virtue ethics does not base behavior solely on knowledge of consequences. Option D is incorrect as virtue ethics does not provide a formal statement of rules but rather encourages individuals to embody virtuous traits.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Physiological needs. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs such as food, water, shelter, and sleep must be met first as they are the most basic and essential for survival. Without satisfying physiological needs, an individual cannot move on to fulfilling higher-level needs. Esteem needs, self-actualization needs, and safety needs come after physiological needs are met. It is crucial to prioritize physiological needs before addressing other levels of needs to ensure overall well-being and self-actualization.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Step 1: The client is verbalizing pain as a 2 indicating mild pain. Step 2: The client understands the preoperative teaching if they prioritize mobility despite mild pain. Step 3: Choice D reflects this understanding, as the client is aware of the importance of walking postoperatively. Step 4: Choices A, B, and C do not demonstrate understanding of preoperative teaching as they focus on increasing medication, distracting from pain, and using music for comfort rather than prioritizing mobility. Summary: Choice D is correct as it aligns with the goal of postoperative pain management, while choices A, B, and C do not address the importance of mobility in pain management.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Leniency error. This occurs when a rater consistently rates employees higher than deserved. This leads to inflated performance evaluations, hindering accurate assessment and feedback. Recency error (A) is when recent performance influences ratings. Absolute judgment (B) is when a rater uses the same rating scale for all employees. Halo error (C) is when one positive trait influences overall rating. In this case, leniency error best describes the problem of overrating staff performance.