A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for Metformin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Take this medication with food. Metformin is an oral antidiabetic medication that is known to cause gastrointestinal side effects, such as nausea and diarrhea. Taking it with food helps to minimize these side effects by slowing down the absorption of the medication and reducing irritation to the stomach lining. Additionally, taking Metformin with a meal helps to ensure more consistent blood levels of the drug, optimizing its effectiveness in controlling blood sugar levels. Option B) Avoid eating foods high in potassium is incorrect because Metformin does not interact with potassium levels in the body. This instruction is unrelated to the safe and effective use of Metformin. Option C) Take this medication at bedtime is incorrect because Metformin is typically taken with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects and ensure proper absorption. There is no specific timing requirement for taking Metformin at bedtime. Option D) Take this medication every other day is incorrect because Metformin is usually prescribed for daily use to maintain steady blood sugar control. Taking it every other day would not provide consistent therapeutic levels of the medication in the body. In an educational context, it is crucial for nurses to understand the proper administration and instructions for medications like Metformin to ensure patient safety and treatment efficacy. Teaching patients about the importance of taking Metformin with food can help improve medication adherence and reduce the likelihood of adverse effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A routine prescription indicates that the medication is to be administered on a regular schedule, typically daily, without a specified termination date or a specific number of doses. In this case, Lisinopril 10 mg PO once daily is to be given regularly until the healthcare provider decides to discontinue it. This type of prescription is common for medications that are part of the client's ongoing treatment regimen.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) 8 mL. The rationale behind this is based on the dosage calculation for furosemide. The prescription calls for 80 mg of furosemide to be administered daily. The available oral solution strength is 10 mg/1 mL. To determine the amount of solution needed, we divide the total dosage by the concentration of the solution. So, 80 mg / 10 mg/mL = 8 mL. Therefore, the healthcare professional should administer 8 mL of furosemide oral solution daily. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: B) 10 mL: This is incorrect because it does not take into account the correct dosage calculation based on the concentration of the solution. Administering 10 mL would result in a higher dosage than prescribed. C) 6 mL: This is incorrect because it also does not align with the correct dosage calculation. Administering 6 mL would result in a lower dosage than prescribed. D) 12 mL: This is incorrect as it represents an incorrect dosage calculation that would result in a higher dosage than prescribed. Understanding dosage calculations is crucial in pharmacology to ensure patient safety and effective treatment. Healthcare professionals must be proficient in accurately calculating dosages based on medication concentrations to prevent medication errors and provide optimal care to patients. Practice and proficiency in dosage calculations are essential skills for pharmacology students and healthcare professionals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) 125 mL/hr. This calculation involves determining the infusion rate for the total volume of D5W to be infused over a specified time period. In this case, 750 mL of D5W is to be infused over 6 hours. To find the mL/hr rate, you would divide the total volume by the total time: 750 mL ÷ 6 hr = 125 mL/hr. Option B) 100 mL/hr is incorrect because this rate would result in the infusion taking longer than the specified 6 hours. Option C) 150 mL/hr and D) 200 mL/hr are also incorrect as they would infuse the solution too quickly, which could lead to adverse effects such as fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances. Understanding IV infusion rates is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure safe and accurate medication administration. It involves basic pharmacology principles and math calculations that are essential for patient safety. Healthcare professionals must be able to calculate infusion rates accurately to provide optimal patient care and prevent medication errors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Extrapyramidal effects are movement disorders that can be caused by certain medications affecting the central nervous system, such as typical antipsychotic medications. These effects can lead to symptoms like tremors, muscle rigidity, and involuntary movements, which are all related to disruptions in the central nervous system.