Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The client's high serum potassium level of 7.5 mEq/L can lead to serious cardiovascular complications like arrhythmias. The immediate priority is to lower potassium levels rapidly to prevent cardiac arrest. Administering dextrose 20% and regular insulin IV push helps shift potassium from extracellular to intracellular space, lowering serum levels quickly. Option A (Kayexalate) is not as rapid as insulin therapy. Option B (low-potassium diet) is not immediate. Option D (hemodialysis) is effective but not as quick as insulin therapy for urgent potassium reduction.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because taking sodium bicarbonate after every meal can actually increase the risk of metabolic alkalosis due to its alkaline nature. Sodium bicarbonate can lead to an excessive build-up of bicarbonate in the bloodstream, causing alkalosis. Choice A is not directly related to metabolic alkalosis. Choice B, taking digoxin, is unrelated to metabolic alkalosis as well. Choice D, drinking six glasses of water due to sweating, does not contribute to metabolic alkalosis as it helps maintain hydration and electrolyte balance.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is D. Hydrostatic pressure resulting from the pumping action of the heart causes water and electrolytes to move from the arterial capillary bed to the interstitial fluid. This occurs due to the force exerted by the heart's pumping action, pushing fluid out of the capillaries into the interstitial space. This process is known as filtration and is essential for maintaining fluid balance in the body. Summary of other choices: A: Active transport of hydrogen ions does not directly cause the movement of water and electrolytes between capillaries and interstitial fluid. B: The pressure in renal capillaries specifically relates to the kidneys, not the general movement of water and electrolytes in the body. C: The dissolved particles in blood do not directly contribute to the movement of water and electrolytes between capillaries and interstitial fluid.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "Avoid carrying your grandchild with the arm that has the central catheter." This is important because carrying a child can put strain on the arm where the catheter is inserted, increasing the risk of dislodging or damaging the catheter. It is crucial to protect the integrity of the catheter site to prevent complications such as infection or bleeding. Choice B is incorrect because placing the arm with the central catheter in a sling during the day is unnecessary and could restrict the client's mobility and lead to discomfort. Choice C is incorrect because flushing the PICC line with normal saline should be done by a healthcare professional and not the client themselves. Choice D is incorrect because using the arm with the central catheter for most activities of daily living can increase the risk of accidental dislodgment or damage to the catheter. It is important to be cautious and limit certain activities to protect the catheter and maintain its function.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increased serum sodium. High serum sodium levels trigger the release of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) from the pituitary gland to help retain water in the body and maintain fluid balance. This is a physiological response to prevent further dehydration. Decreased serum potassium (choice B), decreased hemoglobin (choice C), and increased platelets (choice D) do not directly stimulate the release of ADH. Hence, they are incorrect choices in this scenario.