Anatomy HESI A2 Practice Test - Nurselytic

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: '
To carry oxygen.' Hemoglobin in red blood cells binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to the tissues and organs throughout the body. This oxygen transport is crucial for cellular respiration and the overall functioning of the body.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because hemoglobin's primary function is not to transport nutrients, fight infections, or produce energy in red blood cells.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The primary function of the alveoli in the lungs is to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs responsible for this gas exchange during breathing. Oxygen diffuses from the inhaled air into the blood in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli to be exhaled out of the body.
Choice A is incorrect because the alveoli primarily facilitate the exchange of gases, not just the removal of carbon dioxide.
Choice C is incorrect as the alveoli do not transport oxygen to the bloodstream but rather facilitate the exchange of gases.
Choice D is incorrect as the alveoli are not involved in filtering blood but in gas exchange to ensure proper oxygenation and removal of carbon dioxide in the respiratory process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C:
To store urine. The main function of the urinary bladder is to store urine produced by the kidneys before it is excreted from the body. It acts as a reservoir for urine until it is expelled during urination.

Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the urinary bladder does not filter blood, store or concentrate bile, or absorb nutrients. It is solely responsible for storing and releasing urine.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The diaphragm is the primary muscle responsible for breathing. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the chest cavity. When it contracts, it flattens, increasing the volume of the chest cavity and causing inhalation. When it relaxes, it returns to its dome shape, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity and causing exhalation. The intercostal muscles, located between the ribs, assist the diaphragm in breathing by expanding and contracting the chest cavity. The rectus abdominis and pectoralis major are not directly involved in the process of breathing.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary function of the cardiovascular system is to pump blood throughout the body, ensuring that oxygen and nutrients are delivered to tissues while removing waste products. This circulation is essential for maintaining overall health and proper functioning of the body's cells and organs.

Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while the cardiovascular system does deliver nutrients to tissues indirectly by transporting them in the blood, regulating body temperature is primarily the role of the endocrine and nervous systems, and protecting the body from infection is the main function of the immune system.