ATI RN
Quizlet Pharmacology ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with focal complex partial seizures has been treated for 6 months with carbamazepine but, recently, has been experiencing breakthrough seizures on a more frequent basis. You are considering adding a second drug to the antiseizure regimen. Which of the following drugs is least likely to have a pharmacokinetic interaction with carbamazepine?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Carbamazepine induces cytochrome P450 (e.g., CYP3A4), accelerating metabolism of drugs like topiramate, tiagabine, and lamotrigine, reducing their levels and complicating dosing. Levetiracetam, excreted renally with minimal hepatic metabolism, avoids P450 interactions, maintaining stable levels when added to carbamazepine. Zonisamide interacts via induction. Levetiracetam's lack of pharmacokinetic interference, per clinical pharmacology, makes it the safest adjunct, enhancing control without altering carbamazepine's efficacy.
Question 2 of 5
The client receives alendronate (Fosamax) as treatment for osteoporosis. Which symptoms, caused by an adverse effect of the medication, does the nurse teach should be reported to the physician?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Alendronate's rare eye effects-vision changes, photophobia-signal inflammation, needing report, per safety. Ringing ears, hot skin, or spasms aren't linked-GI/esophageal issues dominate. Eye symptoms prompt action, per teaching.
Question 3 of 5
The patient comes to the emergency department after an overdose of lorazepam (Ativan). The nurse will plan to administer which medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Flumazenil reverses benzo overdose (e.g., lorazepam) by blocking GABA receptors, countering sedation, per emergency protocol. Pralidoxime treats organophosphates. Naloxone and nalmefene target opioids, not benzos. Flumazenil fits, addressing overdose specifically.
Question 4 of 5
A female patient needs a whole blood transfusion. In order for transfusion services (the blood bank) to prepare the correct product a sample of the patient's blood must be obtained for:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A blood type and crossmatch are essential before a whole blood transfusion to ensure compatibility between the donor and recipient. This process involves determining the patient's blood type (ABO and Rh) and testing for antibodies that could cause a transfusion reaction. A complete blood count and differential are not required for transfusion preparation. Blood culture and sensitivity are used to diagnose infections, not for transfusion compatibility. Therefore, blood type and crossmatch are the correct steps.
Question 5 of 5
The patient is being discharged home with furosemide (Lasix). When providing discharge teaching, which instruction will the nurse include?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: It is important for the nurse to include instructions for monitoring weight as a part of discharge teaching for a patient receiving furosemide (Lasix) because this medication is a diuretic that helps the body get rid of extra water and salt. Monitoring weight can provide important information about fluid status. A weight gain of more than 1 lb in a day or 2-3 lbs in a week should be reported to the healthcare provider as it may indicate fluid retention or worsening heart failure. This can help prevent complications and ensure appropriate management of the patient's condition.