Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assess vital signs and oxygen saturation levels. This is the priority action because the patient's symptoms suggest a possible cardiac event. Assessing vital signs and oxygen saturation levels can provide crucial information on the patient's condition and help determine the urgency of the situation. Administering pain medication (choice
A) should not be done before assessing the patient's vital signs. Having the patient walk around (choice
C) could worsen the situation if it is indeed a cardiac event. Ordering an EKG (choice
D) is important but should come after assessing vital signs to guide further evaluation and treatment.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyperkalemia. In CKD, the kidneys are unable to effectively excrete potassium, leading to its accumulation in the blood. This can result in dangerous cardiac complications. Hyperkalemia is a common and critical complication in CKD patients.

B: Hypokalemia is unlikely in CKD as the kidneys typically retain potassium.
C: Hyperglycemia is more commonly associated with diabetes rather than CKD.
D: Hypercalcemia is not a common complication of CKD; in fact, CKD often leads to lower calcium levels due to impaired activation of vitamin D.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: A trained interpreter. Choosing a trained interpreter ensures accurate communication and confidentiality. Professional interpreters have the necessary language skills and cultural competence to facilitate effective communication between the healthcare provider and the patient. Using a family member (choices B and
C) may compromise confidentiality and accuracy due to potential bias or lack of professional training. Similarly, selecting a volunteer university student (choice
D) may result in misinterpretation or breach of privacy as they may not have the same level of expertise as a trained interpreter. Ultimately, the most appropriate choice is a trained interpreter to ensure clear and accurate communication while respecting the patient's privacy and dignity.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Epinephrine. It is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis as it rapidly reverses severe allergic reactions by constricting blood vessels, relaxing airway muscles, and increasing heart rate. Diphenhydramine (
B) and steroids (
C) are used as adjunct therapies but do not provide immediate relief like epinephrine. Albuterol (
D) is used for bronchospasm in asthma, not for anaphylaxis. In summary, epinephrine is the most effective and life-saving medication for treating anaphylaxis.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because reinforcing good habits, such as healthy eating and exercise, is essential for promoting health and preventing disease. This involves educating patients on proper self-care practices. Providing medical diagnosis (
B) is not a nursing role, as it falls under the domain of medical professionals. Maintaining optimal functioning (
C) is important but not specific to promoting health. Prescribing treatment (
D) is beyond the scope of nursing practice, as only advanced practice nurses have prescriptive authority.