ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Practice A 2023 Questions
Question 1 of 5
A 24-year-old sexually active woman presents to her primary care physician with vaginal itching and a greenish, frothy vaginal discharge. Her boyfriend is asymptomatic. She is prescribed metronidazole for Trichomonas vaginalis. Which of the following should be told to avoid while taking metronidazole?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Metronidazole treats Trichomonas vaginalis, and alcohol must be avoided. It inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase, causing a disulfiram-like reaction (nausea, flushing). Aspirin , caffeine , grapefruit juice , and machinery (E) lack this interaction. This precaution prevents severe discomfort, ensuring treatment adherence.
Question 2 of 5
Antihistamines block the actions of histamine at the
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Antihistamines for allergies (e.g., diphenhydramine) target H1 receptors , blocking histamine's effects like itching or sneezing. B1 and B2 receptors (choices B,
C) involve adrenergic responses (e.g., heart rate, bronchodilation), unrelated to histamine. C1 isn't a recognized receptor. H1 blockade is the mechanism for allergy relief, making choice A correct, reflecting antihistamines' specific pharmacological action critical for nurses to understand.
Question 3 of 5
A patient who has advanced cancer is receiving opioid medications around the clock to 'keep him comfortable' as he nears the end of his life. Which term best describes this type of therapy?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Palliative therapy focuses on relieving symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with serious or life-limiting illnesses, such as advanced cancer. The goal is not to cure the disease but to provide comfort and alleviate suffering. In this case, the patient is receiving opioids around the clock to manage pain and ensure comfort, which is a hallmark of palliative care. Maintenance therapy is used to sustain a patient's condition, supportive therapy addresses specific symptoms, and supplemental therapy provides additional treatment.
Therefore, palliative therapy is the most appropriate term for this scenario.
Question 4 of 5
A client is prescribed with Pentamidine (Pentam) IV for the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A sudden increase in temperature (fever) to 101.5°F in a client receiving Pentamidine IV for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia would most likely indicate the client has developed another infection. This is because Pentamidine IV is an antibiotic used to treat Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and a new fever during treatment would suggest a new or persistent infection causing the elevated temperature. It is important for the nurse to assess the client further and consider additional diagnostic tests or treatments for the new infection while continuing to monitor and manage the initial condition for which Pentamidine was prescribed.
Question 5 of 5
Nurse Bryan knows that the age group that uses the most units of blood and blood products is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The elderly above age 65 years are the largest consumers of blood and blood products due to the higher prevalence of chronic diseases, surgeries, and medical conditions that require transfusions, such as anemia, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. While premature infants and children may require blood products, their overall usage is lower compared to the elderly population. Adults aged 21-64 also use blood products, but the demand is highest among the elderly due to their increased healthcare needs.