ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Assessment 2 Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which of the following combinations of antiparkinsonian drugs is appropriate treatment plan?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Levodopa, the cornerstone of Parkinson's treatment, converts to dopamine in the brain. Carbidopa inhibits peripheral dopa decarboxylase, increasing levodopa's CNS availability and reducing side effects. Entacapone, a COMT inhibitor, prolongs levodopa's half-life by preventing its peripheral breakdown, enhancing efficacy. This trio targets dopamine synthesis and metabolism synergistically, a standard advanced-stage regimen. Amantadine lacks synergy with carbidopa/entacapone, focusing on NMDA antagonism. Pramipexole (dopamine agonist) with carbidopa/entacapone is less common, as carbidopa pairs with levodopa. Ropinirole and selegiline boost dopamine but miss levodopa's direct effect; entacapone's role weakens without levodopa. The levodopa-carbidopa-entacapone combination optimizes dopamine delivery, making it a clinically proven and appropriate plan.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse assesses the patient receiving phentolamine (Regitine) and suspects what finding is an adverse effect of the medication?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Patients receiving phentolamine often experience extensions of the therapeutic effects, including hypotension, orthostatic hypotension, angina, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular accident, flushing, tachycardia, and arrhythmia all of which are related to vasodilation and decreased blood pressure. Headache, weakness, and dizziness often occur in response to hypotension. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea may also occur. Hypertension, wheezing, and depressed respiration would not be associated with phentolamine. The nurse should monitor for adverse effects and intervene as needed.
Question 3 of 5
The classi昀椀cation of digoxin is:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Digoxin belongs to the class of drugs known as cardiac glycosides. Cardiac glycosides are a group of compounds derived from plants and some animals that have the ability to increase the contractility of the heart muscle. Digoxin is commonly used to treat conditions such as congestive heart failure and irregular heart rhythms. It works by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump in heart muscle cells, leading to an increase in intracellular calcium levels and subsequently improving the heart's pumping ability.
Question 4 of 5
The patient with schizophrenia is sitting quietly in a chair. The patient does not respond much to what is happening and has a lack of interest in the environment. How does the nurse interpret this assessment?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Schizophrenia's negative symptoms include apathy and withdrawal, seen in quietness and disinterest . Depression needs more evidence. Voices suggest positive symptoms, absent here. Positive symptoms add behaviors, not subtract. D aligns with schizophrenia's clinical presentation, making it the correct interpretation.
Question 5 of 5
What does a patient need to avoid while taking Angiotensin-converting enzymes?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Patients taking Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors should avoid salt substitutes, foods high in potassium, and foods high in sodium. Salt substitutes often contain potassium chloride, which may cause an increase in potassium levels when combined with ACE inhibitors. Foods high in potassium, such as bananas, oranges, spinach, and potatoes, can also potentially elevate potassium levels when consumed in large amounts. Additionally, foods high in sodium can counteract the effects of ACE inhibitors in managing blood pressure. Therefore, it is important for patients on ACE inhibitors to be mindful of their intake of salt substitutes, high-potassium foods, and high-sodium foods to ensure the effectiveness of their medication and to prevent any potential complications.