ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Book Questions
Question 1 of 5
Tricyclic antidepressants:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) like amitriptyline have a high volume of distribution due to lipophilicity, not low, making that false. They're not useful in urinary retention (they cause it as a side effect) but are effective for chronic pain via monoamine modulation, so that's partially false. They can prolong the QT interval by blocking cardiac sodium channels, a true statement and significant risk factor for arrhythmias. They don't block monoamine oxidase (MAO) but inhibit reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, increasing synaptic levels, so that's false. They treat severe depression, even with suicidal ideation, though caution is needed. The QT prolongation is a critical electrophysiological effect, requiring ECG monitoring in clinical use to prevent torsades de pointes.
Question 2 of 5
This salicylate is less effective than aspirin, but may be used in patients allergic to aspirin :
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Salicylamide is a salicylate compound that is less effective than aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) in terms of anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. However, salicylamide can be used as an alternative in patients who are allergic to aspirin. It is often better tolerated by individuals with hypersensitivity to aspirin. Sodium salicylate, methyl salicylate, diflunisal, and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) do not specifically have an advantage in patients allergic to aspirin compared to salicylamide.
Question 3 of 5
A 19-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by a friend concerned with a change in her behavior during a party. The patient is agitated, anxious, and exhibits paranoid reactions to the physical exam. Her pulse is 120 beats/minute and her blood pressure is 150/100 mm Hg. She also complains of 'bugs' crawling all over her skin, although there is nothing there. Which of the following drugs has she most likely taken?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Agitation, paranoia, tachycardia, hypertension, and formication (bugs on skin) suggest cocaine . Heroin causes sedation. LSD induces hallucinations but less autonomic stimulation. Methanol and Propofol (E) don't fit. Cocaine's stimulant effects match this acute presentation.
Question 4 of 5
When taking Digoxin, low levels of what can cause
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: When taking digoxin, low levels of potassium can cause an increased risk of digoxin toxicity. This is because digoxin and potassium compete for binding sites on the sodium-potassium pump in cardiac cells. Low potassium levels can lead to enhanced binding of digoxin to these pumps, resulting in increased concentrations of digoxin within the cells and potential toxicity. Therefore, it is important to monitor potassium levels regularly while taking digoxin to prevent complications.
Question 5 of 5
A patient has had recent mechanical heart valve surgery and is receiving anticoagulant therapy. While monitoring the patient™s laboratory work, the nurse interprets that the patient™s international normalized ratio (INR) level of 3 indicates that:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: An international normalized ratio (INR) level of 3 indicates that the patient's warfarin dose is within the therapeutic range for anticoagulation. In patients with mechanical heart valves, the target INR range is usually higher (around 2.5 to 3.5) to prevent thrombus formation on the prosthetic valve. An INR of 3 demonstrates that the anticoagulant effect of warfarin is at an appropriate level to reduce the risk of blood clots while minimizing the risk of bleeding complications. If the INR level was subtherapeutic (below the target range), it would indicate that the patient is not receiving enough warfarin to achieve the desired anticoagulant effect.