ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 Infection Questions
Question 1 of 5
The client takes diphenhydramine (Benadryl) but forgets to tell the physician about this drug when a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) drug is prescribed for depression. What will the best assessment by the nurse reveal?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diphenhydramine, an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties, interacts dangerously with MAOIs, which inhibit monoamine breakdown. This combination can cause a hypertensive crisis due to excessive norepinephrine from inhibited metabolism, a life-threatening risk requiring urgent assessment. Depression persistence relates to MAOI efficacy, not interaction. Seizures are less common than hypertensive effects. Allergy control isn't the primary concern. The nurse's best assessment focuses on hypertensive crisis, a well-documented MAOI interaction, prioritizing immediate safety and intervention.
Question 2 of 5
While caring for a patient with cirrhosis or hepatitis, the nurse knows that abnormalities in which phase of pharmacokinetics may occur?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cirrhosis and hepatitis impair liver function, which directly affects the metabolism of drugs. The liver is responsible for metabolizing many medications through processes such as oxidation, reduction, and hydrolysis. When liver function is compromised, drug metabolism may be slowed, leading to increased drug levels and a higher risk of toxicity. While absorption, distribution, and excretion can also be affected by liver disease, metabolism is the most significantly impacted phase. Therefore, nurses must carefully monitor drug dosages and consider alternative medications for patients with liver dysfunction.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is being discharged on anticoagulant therapy. The nurse will include in the patient- education conversation that it is important to avoid herbal products that contain which substance?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ginkgo is known to have anticoagulant properties that can interact with and enhance the effects of anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin. Therefore, patients taking anticoagulant therapy should avoid herbal products containing ginkgo to prevent excessive anticoagulation and the risk of bleeding complications. It is essential for healthcare providers to educate patients on potential herb-drug interactions to ensure their safety and optimal therapeutic outcomes.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse teaches the client about the difference between oral and nasal decongestants. The nurse evaluates that learning has been effective when the client makes which statement?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Oral decongestants risk hypertension , unlike nasal ones, showing effective learning. Nasal use beyond days causes rebound. Only nasal causes rebound . Efficacy varies. A reflects key differences, making it the best statement.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following does NOT describe Reye's syndrome :
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Reye's syndrome is a rare but serious disorder that primarily affects children and teenagers. It is characterized by an acute encephalopathic illness along with fatty degeneration of the liver and other viscera. Reye's syndrome typically arises after a viral infection, such as influenza or chickenpox, rather than being enhanced by sodium and water retention. This condition is not caused by excessive sodium and water retention but rather by a possible link to the use of aspirin during viral infections in children.