ATI RN
Pharmacology ATI Final Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is placed on atomoxetine. A drug that has a similar mechanism of action to atomoxetine is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atomoxetine treats ADHD by selectively inhibiting norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, increasing NE and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex to improve attention and impulse control, without stimulant properties. Methylphenidate blocks DA and NE reuptake but is a stimulant, differing in profile and abuse potential. Botulinum toxin affects neuromuscular junctions, unrelated to ADHD. Clonidine, an alpha-2 agonist, reduces NE release, calming hyperactivity but not via reuptake. Amitriptyline, a TCA, inhibits NE and 5HT reuptake, with broader effects and sedation, used off-label for ADHD in some cases. Its NE reuptake inhibition parallels atomoxetine's core mechanism, though it's less selective and not first-line. Among these, amitriptyline's shared NE focus makes it mechanistically closest.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is monitoring a post-renal transplantation client taking cyclosporine (Neoral). The nurse observes an elevation in one of the client's vital signs and the client is complaining of sweating and
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cyclosporine, a common immunosuppressive medication used in post-renal transplantation clients, can cause a range of adverse effects, including hypertension, nephrotoxicity, and electrolyte imbalances. One of the significant side effects of cyclosporine is causing an elevation in the pulse rate, also known as tachycardia. Tachycardia is a common side effect of cyclosporine due to its direct effects on the cardiovascular system. Therefore, in the context of a post-renal transplantation client taking cyclosporine, an elevation in pulse rate is the most likely vital sign to be increased. Sweatiness may be a response to the increased heart rate and may also be a side effect of cyclosporine. However, the primary vital sign affected by cyclosporine would be the pulse rate.
Question 3 of 5
A 34-year-old man presents to the emergency department with fevers, chills, muscle aches, and headaches for the past 16 h. His son has been sick for the past week and unable to attend daycare. He did not receive the influenza vaccine this year. A nasal swab is performed and he is diagnosed with influenza. He is started on oseltamivir. What is the mechanism of action of oseltamivir?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Oseltamivir treats influenza by inhibiting neuraminidase . This prevents viral release from infected cells, reducing spread. M2 blockade is amantadine's action. IMP dehydrogenase , reverse transcriptase , and DNA polymerase (E) are unrelated. Neuraminidase inhibition shortens his illness.
Question 4 of 5
A patient suffering from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is placed on atomoxetine. A drug that has a similar mechanism of action to atomoxetine is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Atomoxetine treats ADHD by selectively inhibiting norepinephrine (NE) reuptake, increasing NE and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex to improve attention and impulse control, without stimulant properties. Methylphenidate blocks DA and NE reuptake but is a stimulant, differing in profile and abuse potential. Botulinum toxin affects neuromuscular junctions, unrelated to ADHD. Clonidine, an alpha-2 agonist, reduces NE release, calming hyperactivity but not via reuptake. Amitriptyline, a TCA, inhibits NE and 5HT reuptake, with broader effects and sedation, used off-label for ADHD in some cases. Its NE reuptake inhibition parallels atomoxetine's core mechanism, though it's less selective and not first-line. Among these, amitriptyline's shared NE focus makes it mechanistically closest.
Question 5 of 5
When a patient is receiving diuretic therapy, which of these assessment measures would best reflect the patient™s fluid volume status?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When a patient is receiving diuretic therapy, monitoring intake, output, and daily weight is essential in assessing the patient's fluid volume status. Diuretics promote the excretion of excess fluid from the body, which can lead to changes in fluid balance. Monitoring intake and output provides information about how much fluid the patient is taking in and how much is being excreted, helping to assess the overall fluid balance. Daily weight measurements can also indicate changes in fluid status, as a sudden weight gain or loss may suggest fluid retention or depletion, respectively. Additionally, trends in weight changes over time can provide valuable information about the effectiveness of diuretic therapy and the patient's response to treatment.