ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Online Practice 2019 A Questions
Question 1 of 5
A client has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and hypertension. Which medication could the client safely receive for hypertension?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Terazosin, an alpha-1 blocker, treats hypertension and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by relaxing vascular and prostate smooth muscle, lowering blood pressure and easing urinary flow. Sildenafil, for erectile dysfunction, doesn't address hypertension or BPH and may drop blood pressure, risking complications. Finasteride shrinks the prostate for BPH but doesn't affect hypertension, missing the dual need. Tamsulosin, also for BPH, can cause hypotension but isn't used routinely for hypertension management. Terazosin's dual efficacy makes it safe and suitable, addressing both conditions without worsening either, unlike alternatives lacking hypertensive benefits or posing risks.
Question 2 of 5
A 66-year-old man with a history of recurrent pulmonary infections and hypertension is managed with ethacrynic acid, which controls his hypertension well. He is often hospitalized and placed on gentamicin for his recurrent pulmonary infections. Which of the following adverse effects must the treating physician be keenly aware of?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside, risks ototoxicity-hearing loss , especially with repeated use. Ethacrynic acid, a loop diuretic, also has ototoxicity potential, compounding risk. Dizziness , nausea , vertigo , and vomiting (E) occur but are less specific. Monitoring hearing is critical in this scenario.
Question 3 of 5
A patient™s blood pressure elevates to 270/150 mm Hg, and a hypertensive emergency is obvious.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In a patient with a hypertensive emergency, rapid and effective blood pressure reduction is crucial to prevent organ damage. The recommendation for IV administration of antihypertensive medications in this scenario is to titrate the medication to achieve a safe reduction in blood pressure, generally targeting a decrease in mean arterial pressure by no more than 25% within the first hour. The specific medication and infusion rate are dependent on the patient's clinical status and individual factors. Therefore, the maximum dose and duration of infusion must be tailored to the patient's response, with close monitoring by healthcare providers. Hence, determining a fixed time for the maximum dose of the drug to be infused is not appropriate in this critical care scenario.
Question 4 of 5
Which solution should the nurse administer with packed red blood cells?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: When administering packed red blood cells, it is recommended to use 0.9% sodium chloride, also known as normal saline solution, as the preferred solution. Normal saline is isotonic and compatible with blood products, making it the most suitable solution for transfusion with packed red blood cells. It helps maintain the osmotic pressure and prevents hemolysis of red blood cells, ensuring the safe delivery of the blood product to the patient. Lactated Ringer's solution, D5W, and 0.45% sodium chloride are not ideal choices for administering packed red blood cells due to their electrolyte compositions and potential risks of adverse reactions.
Question 5 of 5
Lorraine who is on chemotherapy has a history of cardiac disease. The client is at risk for cardiac complications because:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chemotherapy can cause anemia, which reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to decreased red blood cells or hemoglobin. For a patient with a history of cardiac disease, this is particularly concerning because the heart must work harder to deliver oxygen to tissues, potentially exacerbating cardiac conditions. Reduced white blood cells increase infection risk, but this does not directly affect cardiac function. Sodium levels and hematocrit are not the primary concerns in this context. Therefore, reduced oxygen-carrying capacity is the correct answer.