ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Made Easy 4.0 The Hematologic System Questions
Question 1 of 5
What decreases the renin angiotensin aldosterone system?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: ACE inhibitors decrease the renin angiotensin aldosterone system by blocking the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. By inhibiting this enzyme, ACE inhibitors reduce the production of angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor, and lower aldosterone secretion. This leads to vasodilation, decreased blood pressure, and reduced retention of sodium and water. Consequently, ACE inhibitors are commonly used in the management of hypertension, heart failure, and chronic kidney disease.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is monitoring a patient taking furosemide for heart failure. Which electrolyte imbalance must the nurse be alert for?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Furosemide, a loop diuretic, promotes the excretion of potassium, sodium, and water. Hypokalemia (low potassium) is a common side effect and can lead to muscle weakness, arrhythmias, and other complications. Hyperkalemia (A) is unlikely with furosemide. Hypernatremia (B) and hyponatremia (D) are less common but should still be monitored.
Question 3 of 5
The patient receives aspirin. The nurse assesses an adverse effect to this drug when the patient makes which response?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Aspirin, an NSAID, inhibits platelet aggregation and can cause gastrointestinal bleeding, leading to dark, tarry stools (melena) from upper GI hemorrhage . This adverse effect requires urgent assessment, as it signals potential internal bleeding, a serious complication. Nasal stuffiness isn't linked to aspirin unless related to an allergic reaction (rare). Headaches from lights suggest photophobia, unrelated to aspirin's effects. Frequent urination isn't a typical side effect. The nurse identifies dark stools as a critical sign of aspirin's impact on gastric mucosa and coagulation, necessitating intervention, making choice A the correct adverse effect to assess.
Question 4 of 5
A 13-year-old male has begun having spells of wheezing and difficulty breathing while playing outside. He is diagnosed with asthma and given an inhaler to treat acute attacks. His medication is working well, but he would also like something to prevent attacks from happening. Which of the following drugs would be best to add to his regimen?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asthma prevention in a child needs a long-acting agent. Salmeterol , a long-acting β2-agonist, reduces attack frequency. Albuterol and Epinephrine are short-acting. Ipratropium aids acute relief. Isoproterenol (E) is outdated. Salmeterol's prolonged bronchodilation suits prophylaxis.
Question 5 of 5
Peripheral adverse effects of levodopa, including nausea, hypotension, and cardiac arrhythmias, can be diminished by including which of the following drugs in the therapy?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Levodopa's peripheral conversion to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase causes nausea (via chemoreceptor trigger zone stimulation), hypotension, and arrhythmias. Carbidopa, a peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibitor, prevents this conversion outside the CNS, reducing these side effects while increasing levodopa's brain availability. Amantadine, an NMDA antagonist, boosts dopamine release but doesn't address peripheral metabolism. Ropinirole, a dopamine agonist, bypasses levodopa but doesn't mitigate its effects. Tolcapone, a COMT inhibitor, prolongs levodopa's action but can increase peripheral dopamine if used alone, worsening side effects. Carbidopa's specific blockade of peripheral decarboxylation directly counters these adverse effects, making it the essential adjunct in levodopa therapy.