ATI RN
ATI Proctored Exam Pharmacology Questions
Question 1 of 5
The symptoms of gout are due to
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gout stems from uric acid buildup-hyperuricemia-crystallizing in joints, per pathophysiology-not increased excretion, cartilage loss (OA), or low levels. Buildup drives pain, per disease.
Question 2 of 5
What is the purpose of “Tunneling†(inserting the catheter 2-4 inches under the skin) when the surgeon inserts a Hickman central catheter device?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Tunneling the catheter 2-4 inches under the skin creates a pathway that helps reduce the risk of infection. By placing the catheter deeper under the skin, there is less chance of bacteria entering the catheter exit site, which can lead to infections such as catheter-related bloodstream infections. Tunneling also promotes tissue ingrowth around the catheter, further helping to secure the catheter in place and reduce the risk of infection.
Question 3 of 5
A patient comes to the office with a chief complaint of hair loss and peeling skin. The nurse notes many vitamins and minerals are on the medication list. The patient reports using vitamins to treat liver disease. The patient's complaint may be caused by an excess of which vitamin or mineral?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Excessive vitamin A can cause hypervitaminosis A, leading to symptoms such as hair loss, peeling skin, and liver toxicity. Zinc (B), vitamin C (C), and vitamin D (D) are not typically associated with these symptoms. The nurse should assess the patient's vitamin A intake and advise moderation.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is preparing for a community education program on hypertension. Which of these parameters determine the regulation of arterial blood pressure?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Arterial blood pressure is regulated by two main factors: cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance. Cardiac output refers to the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute, while systemic vascular resistance refers to the resistance to blood flow in the systemic circulation. The combination of these two parameters determines the pressure within the arteries. If cardiac output or systemic vascular resistance increases, blood pressure will increase, and vice versa. Therefore, when discussing the regulation of arterial blood pressure, focusing on cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance is crucial for understanding how the body maintains blood pressure within a normal range. The other choices, such as heart rate and peripheral resistance, blood volume and renal blood flow, as well as myocardial contractility and arteriolar constriction, are important factors in cardiovascular physiology but are not the primary determinants of arterial blood pressure regulation.
Question 5 of 5
In the case of a Heparin overdose, which antidote would you give?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In the case of a Heparin overdose, the antidote of choice is Protamine sulfate. Heparin is a commonly used anticoagulant medication, and if an overdose occurs leading to excessive bleeding, Protamine sulfate can be administered to reverse the effects of Heparin by neutralizing its anticoagulant activity. It forms a complex with Heparin, rendering it inactive and helping to slow down or stop the bleeding. Naloxone is used as an antidote for opioid overdose, Ibutilide is used for arrhythmias, and Methylphenidate is a central nervous system stimulant commonly used to treat ADHD. But these antidotes are not appropriate for reversing the effects of a Heparin overdose.