The procedure 'look, listen, feel' is used to assess:

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the 'look, listen, feel' approach is used to assess breathing. This method involves observing the chest rise and fall to assess respiratory effort (look), listening for breath sounds and any abnormal sounds like wheezing or stridor (listen), and feeling for the presence of air movement and any abnormalities like crepitus (feel). The correct answer, option B (Breathing), is right because the 'look, listen, feel' approach specifically focuses on assessing the respiratory status of the pediatric patient. Breathing is a critical function that must be assessed promptly in pediatric patients as any compromise in respiratory function can lead to serious consequences. Option A (Circulation) is incorrect because the 'look, listen, feel' approach does not primarily focus on assessing circulation. Circulation assessments involve checking for pulses, capillary refill, and skin color which are not part of this particular assessment technique. Option C (Airway patency) is incorrect because while maintaining airway patency is crucial, the 'look, listen, feel' approach is not primarily used to assess airway patency. Airway assessments involve checking for obstructions, proper positioning, and the presence of secretions. Option D (Consciousness) is incorrect as well because the 'look, listen, feel' approach does not directly assess consciousness. Consciousness assessments involve evaluating the level of alertness, orientation, and response to stimuli. Educationally, understanding the importance of proper respiratory assessment techniques in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses. By mastering techniques like 'look, listen, feel,' nurses can accurately identify respiratory issues early, intervene promptly, and ensure better outcomes for their pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, recognizing early signs of shock is crucial for prompt intervention. The correct answer is B) Irritability. Irritability is an early sign of shock in pediatrics because children often exhibit behavioral changes before physiological symptoms become evident. Irritability may indicate the child's increasing agitation due to decreased tissue perfusion. Option A) Cyanosis is a late sign of shock, occurring after tissue hypoxia is advanced. Option C) Lethargy is also a late sign, reflecting severe compromise of organ function. Option D) Irregular breathing can occur in shock but is not specific to its early stages. Educationally, understanding early signs of shock in children is essential for nurses to intervene promptly. Teaching pediatric nurses to recognize subtle behavioral changes like irritability can lead to early detection and timely management of shock in pediatric patients, ultimately improving outcomes.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most accepted diagnostic criteria for asthma is option C: recurrent cough or wheeze that responds to bronchodilator therapy. This is because asthma is characterized by reversible airway obstruction, which means that symptoms like coughing and wheezing improve with bronchodilator medications. This response to bronchodilators is a key feature in diagnosing asthma. Option A is incorrect because merely testing positive for allergens on skin prick testing is not specific to asthma diagnosis. Option B is incorrect because a family history of asthma, while a risk factor, is not a definitive diagnostic criterion. Option D is incorrect because while passive smoking can exacerbate asthma symptoms, it is not a standalone diagnostic criterion. In an educational context, understanding the correct diagnostic criteria for asthma is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric patients. Identifying asthma early and accurately is essential for providing timely and effective treatment to improve the quality of life for children with asthma. This question highlights the importance of recognizing the clinical features that differentiate asthma from other respiratory conditions in pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing and hemophilia A, the correct answer is C) Prolonged APPT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time). Hemophilia A is a genetic bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency in clotting factor VIII. This deficiency results in impaired clot formation and prolonged bleeding. APPT specifically evaluates the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, which is affected in hemophilia A due to the missing factor VIII. Option A) Prolonged bleeding time is incorrect because bleeding time assesses platelet function, not the clotting factors involved in hemophilia A. Option B) Prolonged prothrombin time is incorrect because it primarily evaluates the extrinsic pathway of coagulation, which is not primarily affected in hemophilia A. Option D) Prolonged thrombin time is incorrect as it assesses the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin, not the specific clotting factor deficiencies seen in hemophilia A. Educationally, understanding the specific laboratory findings associated with hemophilia A is crucial for nurses caring for pediatric patients with this condition. Recognizing the significance of a prolonged APPT in diagnosing and managing hemophilia A can guide appropriate interventions and prevent complications related to excessive bleeding in these vulnerable patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct dose of adrenaline IV for cardiac arrest is option A) 10 microgram/kg. This dose is appropriate because adrenaline is a potent vasoconstrictor that helps improve blood flow to vital organs during cardiac arrest. Administering the correct dose is crucial for achieving the desired physiological response without causing harm. Option B) 10 milligram/kg is incorrect because administering such a high dose of adrenaline can lead to severe side effects like hypertension, arrhythmias, and decreased blood flow to vital organs. Option C) 100 milligram/kg is also incorrect as it is an extremely high dose that can be fatal due to the risk of causing severe cardiovascular complications. Option D) 1000 microgram/kg is incorrect because it is an excessively high dose that can result in dangerous adverse effects such as cardiac arrhythmias, hypertension, and tissue necrosis. In the context of pediatric nursing and the NCLEX exam, understanding the correct dosage of medications is essential for ensuring safe and effective patient care. It is crucial for pediatric nurses to have a solid grasp of medication dosages to prevent medication errors and adverse reactions in pediatric patients. Mastering drug calculations and dosages is a fundamental skill that pediatric nurses must possess to provide high-quality care to their young patients.