ATI RN
Pediatric Research Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
Which action best explains the main role of surfactant in the neonate?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Surfactant plays a crucial role in the neonate by helping the lungs remain expanded after the initiation of breathing. Surfactant is a substance produced by type II alveolar cells in the lungs that reduces surface tension in the alveoli. By lowering surface tension, surfactant prevents the alveoli from collapsing during expiration, thereby helping the lungs to remain expanded and functional. This function is particularly important in neonates, whose lungs are not yet fully developed and may have difficulty maintaining lung expansion without adequate levels of surfactant. Failure to produce enough surfactant can lead to respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants.
Question 2 of 5
An adult has been stung by a bee and is in anaphylactic shock. An epinephrine (adrenaline) injection has been given. The nurse would expect which the following if the injection has been effective?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: An epinephrine (adrenaline) injection is the first-line treatment for anaphylaxis, as it helps to relax the muscles in the airway and improve breathing. This results in the client's breathing becoming easier. Epinephrine also acts to increase blood pressure, while angioedema (swelling) and a decreased level of consciousness are not expected effects of an effective epinephrine injection.
Question 3 of 5
About 500 children have just been exposed to radiation from a nuclear power plant accident. The most appropriate first step in your treatment of these children should be to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Potassium iodide can protect the thyroid from radioactive iodine exposure, which is a critical first step in radiation exposure.
Question 4 of 5
About 500 children have just been exposed to radiation from a nuclear power plant accident. The most appropriate first step in your treatment of these children should be to
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Potassium iodide can protect the thyroid from radioactive iodine exposure, which is a critical first step in radiation exposure.
Question 5 of 5
Daya's child is scheduled for surgerydue to myelomeningocele; the primary reason for surgical repair is which of thefollowing?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary reason for surgical repair of myelomeningocele is to correct the neurologic defect caused by this type of birth defect. Myelomeningocele is a form of spina bifida where the spinal cord and its covering are exposed through an opening in the spine. Surgical closure of the defect is performed to protect the spinal cord and nerves, prevent further damage, and potentially improve long-term outcomes for the child. While preventing complications like hydrocephalus or infection may be important secondary goals of the treatment, the main objective of surgery for myelomeningocele is to address the underlying neurologic defect itself.