ATI RN
ATI VATI Pharmacology Assessment Questions
Question 1 of 5
The following are substrates for CYP3A:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Ciclosporin is extensively metabolized by CYP3A enzymes, making it susceptible to drug interactions with inhibitors or inducers of this pathway.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse will monitor a patient for signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia if the patient is taking which of these diuretics?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that works by blocking the reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys while retaining potassium. This mechanism can lead to an increased risk of hyperkalemia, a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. Therefore, patients taking spironolactone should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of hyperkalemia, such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and abnormal heart rhythms. In contrast, diuretics like hydrochlorothiazide (choice A), furosemide (choice B), and acetazolamide (choice C) are not typically associated with the risk of hyperkalemia.
Question 3 of 5
A 22-year-old man college student does poorly on a course examination and decides to attempt suicide. He finds a bottle of barbiturates in his mother's medicine cabinet. He takes 2 of the 30 pills in the bottle. Which of the following effects is most likely to be exhibited by the patient?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Two barbiturate pills (low dose) likely cause sedation . Barbiturates depress CNS; small amounts induce sleepiness, not anesthesia , coma , or death . Hypnosis (E) overlaps but sedation fits best. This reflects a subtherapeutic overdose attempt.
Question 4 of 5
A 27-year-old man with recurrent asthma attacks is being considered for preventative therapy with cromolyn sodium. This agent is not effective as an acute treatment of an asthma attack because of the lack of which of the following properties?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cromolyn sodium prevents asthma by stabilizing mast cells, but lacks bronchodilator action. It has anti-inflammatory and mast cell stabilizer properties, and some immune modulation , but doesn't relieve acute bronchospasm, limiting it to prophylaxis.
Question 5 of 5
A 46-year-old businessman of Caribbean origin is found to have a total serum cholesterol concentration of 6.2 mmol/L, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) of 0.7 mmol/L and triglycerides of 9.4 mmol/L. He drinks no alcohol (ethanol) during the week but admits to eight pints of lager and up to one bottle of rum at weekends. Other chemistries are notable only for a serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) level of 72 (upper limit of normal -42 u/L) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) level of 128 (upper limit of normal = 51 u/L). Which of the following is correct?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: High triglycerides (9.4 mmol/L) and low HDL (0.7 mmol/L) with binge drinking suggest alcohol-induced dyslipidemia. Alcohol typically raises HDL, not lowers it, so that's incorrect. Elevated triglycerides (>5.6 mmol/L) risk pancreatitis, a true statement, worsened by alcohol. Fibrates treat hypertriglyceridemia, but statins address total cholesterol (6.2 mmol/L) first in mixed dyslipidemia. Ezetimibe lowers LDL, not relevant here. Eicosapentaenoic acid reduces triglycerides, not total cholesterol primarily. Pancreatitis risk drives urgent management, linked to his lipid profile and drinking pattern.