ATI RN
Pharmacology Assessment 1 ATI Capstone Questions
Question 1 of 5
A patient with , should stop taking NSAIDS
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Patients with peptic ulcers should stop taking NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) because NSAIDs can worsen the condition and increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding and ulcer perforation. NSAIDs inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, which normally helps protect the stomach lining. Therefore, patients with peptic ulcers should avoid NSAIDs and consult their healthcare provider for alternative pain management options.
Question 2 of 5
Medications bound to protein have the following effect:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When medications are bound to proteins in the bloodstream, they are inactive and unable to exert their therapeutic effects. Only the unbound (free) fraction of the drug is pharmacologically active. Therefore, the more a drug is bound to protein, the less available it is for its desired effect. Protein binding also affects the drug's distribution and metabolism, but it does not enhance availability or increase liver metabolism. Rapid distribution to receptor sites is influenced by other factors, such as blood flow and tissue permeability.
Question 3 of 5
A patient on diuretic therapy calls the clinic because he™s had the flu, with terrible vomiting and
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct statement by the nurse is to instruct the patient to "stop taking the diuretic for a few days, and then restart it when you feel better." This is because the patient has been experiencing vomiting due to influenza, which can cause dehydration. Continuing the diuretic while experiencing such significant fluid loss can lead to further dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. It is important for the patient to pause the diuretic temporarily to allow the body to recover and then resume once the vomiting has subsided and hydration has improved. It's always best for patients to follow specific instructions given by healthcare providers in such situations.
Question 4 of 5
Which drug combination is recommended for chronic hepatitis C infection?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) treatment targets viral clearance. Pegylated interferon alfa boosts immunity, lamivudine treats HBV, not HCV, so that's incorrect. Adefovir also targets HBV, not HCV. Pegylated interferon alfa with ribavirin, an antiviral, is a historical standard for HCV, enhancing sustained virologic response across genotypes, the recommended combo. Adefovir/lamivudine suits HBV, oseltamivir/zanamivir influenza. Ribavirin's synergy with interferon was key before direct-acting antivirals, effective for this condition.
Question 5 of 5
Which drug is most likely to be ordered for the client with herpes simplex virus?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a viral infection requiring antiviral therapy, and acyclovir (Zovirax) is the gold-standard treatment due to its specific action against herpesviruses. It inhibits viral DNA replication, reducing symptom duration and severity, making it the most likely choice (A). Zidovudine targets HIV, a retrovirus, not HSV, and is irrelevant here. Nystatin is an antifungal, ineffective against viruses. Metronidazole treats bacterial and protozoal infections, not viral ones. Acyclovir's specificity and efficacy for HSV, supported by clinical guidelines, make it the priority drug. The nurse must recognize this distinction to ensure appropriate therapy, as misidentification could delay recovery or worsen outcomes. Choice A stands out as the only antiviral tailored to HSV's pathophysiology, ensuring targeted treatment.