ATI RN
ATI Pharmacology Study Guide PDF Questions
Question 1 of 5
A mother brings her 4-year-old son to the emergency department after discovering him eating her iron supplement. Which of the following should be administered to chelate the excess iron in his body?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Iron overdose in a child requires a specific chelator. Deferoxamine binds ferric iron, forming ferrioxamine, excreted renally. EDTA chelates calcium and lead, not iron-specific. Dimercaprol treats heavy metals like arsenic, not iron. Penicillamine is for copper (Wilson's disease). Succimer (E) targets lead. Deferoxamine's high affinity for iron makes it standard for acute toxicity, preventing organ damage (e.g., liver, heart), critical in this pediatric emergency.
Question 2 of 5
Which medication is a glutamate receptor antagonist that can be used in combination with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor to manage the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Memantine, an NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, manages Alzheimer's by reducing excitotoxicity from excessive glutamate, which contributes to neuronal damage in later stages. It complements acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil), which boost cholinergic function for memory, by targeting a different pathway, slowing progression and improving behavior. Rivastigmine and donepezil are acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, not glutamate antagonists. Ropinirole, a dopamine agonist, treats Parkinson's. Fluoxetine, an SSRI, addresses depression. Memantine's unique glutamate modulation, combined with cholinergic enhancement, offers a dual approach, supported by evidence for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's management.
Question 3 of 5
A patient is beginning isoniazid and rifampin treatment for tuberculosis. The nurse gives the patient which instruction?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adherence to the prescribed regimen is critical in tuberculosis treatment to prevent resistance and ensure efficacy. Skipping doses can lead to treatment failure and drug-resistant TB. Isoniazid and rifampin are typically taken once daily, not three times daily. Antacids can interfere with the absorption of these drugs and should be avoided. There is no specific requirement to take rifampin initially; both drugs should be taken as prescribed.
Question 4 of 5
Potential causes for respiratory alkalosis include
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Respiratory alkalosis occurs when carbon dioxide (CO2) is excessively exhaled, raising blood pH. Hyperventilation is a primary cause, as rapid breathing reduces CO2, a respiratory acid, leading to alkalosis—common in anxiety, fever, or hypoxia. Hypotension or hypertension affects circulation, not ventilation rate directly, and aren't causes. Hypoventilation retains CO2, causing acidosis, not alkalosis. The nurse identifies hyperventilation as the physiological trigger, aligning with acid-base balance principles, making choice D the accurate cause in this context.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is obtaining a medication history on a patient presenting with chest pain. What drug classification would necessitate the nurse informing the provider before beginning the prescribed nitroglycerin?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (Erectile Dysfunction medications) are contraindicated with nitroglycerin due to the potential for severe hypotension and cardiovascular collapse when taken together. It is essential for the nurse to inform the provider before administering nitroglycerin if the patient is taking phosphodiesterase inhibitors to prevent any harmful interactions.