A client is prescribed spironolactone (Aldactone) for hypertension. Which electrolyte should the nurse monitor closely?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, treats hypertension by blocking aldosterone, reducing sodium reabsorption while retaining potassium . This risks hyperkalemia (>5.0 mEq/L), causing arrhythmias or muscle weakness, especially in renal impairment. Monitoring potassium closely ensures early detection, critical for safety. Sodium may drop mildly but isn't the primary concern. Calcium and magnesium aren't directly affected. Potassium's elevation aligns with spironolactone's mechanism, distinct from other diuretics that deplete it, making it the priority electrolyte. Regular checks (e.g., serum levels) prevent toxicity, particularly in hypertension where cardiac stability is key, thus B is the nurse's focus for vigilant monitoring and timely intervention.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Estrogen suppresses androgen production , starving androgen-dependent prostate cancer. Choice A misstates cell death. Choice B overstates testosterone elimination. Choice D misattributes nutrient blockade. C explains the hormonal mechanism accurately, making it the best response.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Insulin glargine is typically administered subcutaneously. Subcutaneous injection allows for slow and continuous absorption of the medication, providing a sustained release of insulin to help regulate blood sugar levels. This route of administration is commonly used for long-acting insulins like insulin glargine to provide basal insulin coverage throughout the day. Sublingual, oral, IV, and other routes are not appropriate for administering insulin glargine.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Drowsiness is a common side effect of oxycodone, an opioid analgesic. Patients should be advised to avoid activities requiring alertness, such as driving, while taking this medication. Paresthesia (A), increased intracranial pressure (B), and occipital headache (C) are not typical side effects of oxycodone.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Low potassium levels, known as hypokalemia, can increase the toxicity of cardiac glycosides such as digoxin. These drugs work by inhibiting the sodium-potassium pump in cardiac cells, leading to increased intracellular sodium levels. When potassium levels are low, it can worsen this effect and lead to increased risk of cardiac dysrhythmias and toxicity from the drug. Potassium levels should be carefully monitored in patients taking cardiac glycosides to prevent complications. A potassium level of 2.8 mEq/L is considered significantly low and would pose an increased risk of toxicity with cardiac glycoside use.