A patient presents with well-demarcated, erythematous plaques with silvery scales on the trunk and extensor surfaces of the limbs. The patient reports a family history of similar skin lesions. Which of the following conditions is most likely responsible for this presentation?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The patient's presentation of well-demarcated, erythematous plaques with silvery scales on the trunk and extensor surfaces of the limbs is classic for psoriasis. Additionally, the family history of similar skin lesions further supports the diagnosis of psoriasis, as it is a condition with a genetic predisposition. Pityriasis rosea typically presents with a herald patch followed by oval, scaly lesions in a Christmas tree pattern. Erythema multiforme is characterized by target-like lesions. Lichen planus presents as purple, polygonal, flat-topped papules that may have fine white lines on their surface known as Wickham striae.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Risk management in a healthcare facility involves identifying, assessing, and minimizing risks to prevent potential harm to patients and reduce liability issues. A planned program of loss prevention and liability control falls under the umbrella of risk management. This program includes strategies to mitigate risks such as patient safety protocols, infection control measures, staff training, and proper documentation practices to minimize legal liabilities. By implementing risk management practices, healthcare facilities aim to provide safe and high-quality care to their patients while also protecting themselves against potential legal challenges.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Loop diuretics, such as furosemide, are potent diuretics commonly used to manage conditions like edema, heart failure, and hypertension. Loop diuretics work by inhibiting the reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the loop of Henle in the kidney, leading to increased diuresis. However, this mechanism of action can also lead to increased excretion of other electrolytes, such as magnesium.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Providing education on techniques to improve latch and milk transfer should be prioritized to support successful breastfeeding in this situation. Newborns who are macrosomic (large for gestational age) may have difficulties latching due to their size and may require additional support to effectively breastfeed. By educating the postpartum client on proper latch techniques and milk transfer, the nurse can help optimize the breastfeeding experience for both the mother and baby. This intervention focuses on addressing the specific concerns related to the infant's size and aims to promote successful breastfeeding despite potential challenges. As such, recommending supplemental formula feedings, encouraging the client to avoid breastfeeding, or immediately referring to a lactation consultant may not directly address the immediate need for support in improving breastfeeding in this situation.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Placing a patient in restraints before utilizing other less restrictive interventions violates the patient's right to receive treatment in the least restrictive environment. Restraints should be used as a last resort when all other options have been exhausted, as they can be restrictive to the patient's movement and freedom. Patients have the right to be treated in a manner that minimizes limitations on their personal freedom and autonomy. Restraints should only be utilized when absolutely necessary for the safety of the patient or others.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The clinical presentation of fever, chills, headache, and myalgia after a trip to sub-Saharan Africa is highly indicative of malaria. Specifically, the presence of intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites on blood smear examination points towards Plasmodium falciparum as the most likely causative agent. Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly of the Plasmodium species that cause malaria and is responsible for the majority of severe malaria cases worldwide. It is transmitted through the bite of infected Anopheles mosquitoes. Treatment for Plasmodium falciparum infection usually involves antimalarial medications such as artemisinin-based combination therapies.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: An occiput posterior fetal position, where the baby's head is facing the mother's abdomen rather than her back, can lead to prolonged and severe back pain during labor. This position can cause irregular contractions and difficulty in descending through the birth canal, resulting in abnormal labor progress. The back pain experienced in this case is often intense due to the pressure exerted on the mother's lower back and may also be associated with intense back labor. It is essential for the nurse to recognize this potential issue and assist in maneuvers or positions to help the baby rotate to a more optimal position for delivery.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The Philippine Nurses Association, Inc. (PNA) is the accredited professional organization of nurses in the Philippines. PNA is recognized as the official organization of all registered nurses in the country, dedicated to fostering high standards of nursing practice, education, and professional growth. It plays a key role in advocating for the rights and welfare of nurses, as well as promoting the advancement of the nursing profession in the Philippines. Membership in the PNA provides nurses with access to valuable resources, networking opportunities, and support for continuous professional development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The liver is responsible for secreting bile, which aids in the emulsification and digestion of fats. Bile is produced by the liver and is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine to help with the breakdown of fats during the digestion process. The gallbladder functions as a storage organ for bile produced by the liver. The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to aid in the digestion process, while the spleen is mainly involved in immune function and blood storage.