A patient presents with knee pain and swelling following a fall onto a flexed knee. Physical examination reveals a palpable effusion and tenderness along the joint line. McMurray's test elicits pain and clicking with passive knee flexion and internal rotation. Which condition is most likely?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The presentation of knee pain and swelling following a fall onto a flexed knee, along with a palpable effusion and tenderness along the joint line, is highly suggestive of a meniscus injury. The McMurray's test specifically evaluates for meniscal tears. In this case, the presence of pain and clicking with passive knee flexion and internal rotation indicates a medial meniscus tear as the most likely diagnosis. Patellar tendinitis usually presents with anterior knee pain that is worsened by activities such as jumping or running. Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) sprain typically presents with lateral knee pain and instability. Quadriceps tendon rupture would present with significant weakness and inability to fully extend the knee, which is not described in this scenario.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The primary indicator that Nurse Mary observes FIDELITY in the practice of her profession is that she faithfully promotes health and prevents disease. Fidelity in nursing practice refers to being faithful, loyal, and committed to providing the best care and services to patients. By faithfully promoting health and preventing disease, Nurse Mary demonstrates her dedication to her profession, her patients, and the community she serves. This commitment includes following evidence-based practices, upholding ethical standards, being honest and trustworthy, and ensuring the well-being of those under her care. Ultimately, fidelity in nursing practice builds trust and confidence among patients, families, and colleagues, leading to better health outcomes and a stronger healthcare system.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The patient's symptoms of fever, chills, headache, and myalgia after returning from sub-Saharan Africa are consistent with malaria. Intraerythrocytic ring forms and trophozoites observed on blood smear examination are characteristic of Plasmodium species, particularly Plasmodium falciparum, which is the most common and deadliest species causing malaria in sub-Saharan Africa. Plasmodium falciparum can lead to severe complications, such as cerebral malaria, if not promptly treated. Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, not malaria. Borrelia burgdorferi is responsible for Lyme disease, which typically presents with a different set of symptoms like erythema migrans rash. Leishmania donovani causes visceral leishmaniasis, not malaria.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Verbal communication involves the use of words and language to convey information. The content refers to the actual words and messages being communicated. In verbal communication with your patient, the content of what you say is key to ensuring effective communication that is clear, accurate, and easily understood. Therefore, the use of literal words when speaking to your patient embodies the content of your communication.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Nurse Noli should include in his teachings less saturated fat, maintaining weight within normal limits, and exercising regularly as these are all components of a healthy lifestyle. However, including "more fats in the diet" goes against the principles of healthy eating and weight management. Consuming excessive amounts of fats, especially unhealthy saturated fats, can contribute to various health issues such as obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and other medical conditions. Therefore, it is crucial for Nurse Noli to emphasize reducing saturated fat intake rather than promoting more fats in the diet for overall health and wellness.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Maternal anxiety can contribute to a prolonged latent phase during labor. Stress and anxiety can trigger the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline, which can interfere with the production of oxytocin, the hormone responsible for initiating contractions. This can result in irregular and ineffective contractions, leading to a prolonged latent phase. It is important for the nurse to assess the woman's anxiety levels and provide reassurance and support to help facilitate the progression of labor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In assessing the health condition of school children, anemia and other blood disorders are more commonly observed in this age group compared to cancer, lice, parasites, fractures, and injuries. Anemia is a common health issue among children due to various factors such as poor nutrition, iron deficiency, and infections. Regular screening for anemia is important in school-age children to prevent long-term complications and to promote their overall health and well-being. While cancer, lice, parasites, fractures, and injuries can also occur in school children, anemia and blood disorders are more prevalent in this age group.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The nurse should prioritize positioning the patient in a left lateral decubitus position during gastric lavage to ensure procedural effectiveness. This position helps to promote optimal drainage of fluid and gastric contents. Placing the patient in a left lateral position allows gravity to assist in the passage of fluid and prevents the risk of aspiration. It also helps to minimize the risk of complications such as reflux of lavage fluid into the respiratory tract. Proper positioning is essential in enhancing the success of the gastric lavage procedure and promoting patient safety.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A district hospital is an example of a secondary health facility. Secondary health facilities are the intermediate level of healthcare services, providing a higher level of care compared to primary health facilities like rural health units and barangay health stations. District hospitals typically offer more specialized medical services, diagnostic facilities, and inpatient care that are not available at lower-level health facilities. When Nurse Vince refers a patient to a district hospital, it means that the patient requires more extensive and specialized medical care beyond what can be provided at the primary level of care.