A 73-year-old man presents to his primary care physician complaining of a weak stream and nocturia four times at night. He is very sensitive to the medication side effects and is reluctant to take medications for this reason. Physical examination reveals a mildly enlarged prostate. Treatment of this condition may involve the use of which of the following agents to minimize side effects?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Tamsulosin is an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist that is selective for the prostate and bladder neck, minimizing systemic side effects like hypotension.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: All of these are corticosteroids commonly used for allergic rhinitis due to their anti-inflammatory effects.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Carbamazepine (choice D), an anticonvulsant, treats trigeminal neuralgia by stabilizing sodium channels, reducing nerve firing. Phenylbutazone (choice A), an NSAID, and Morphine (choice B), an opioid, aren't first-line. Atropine (choice C), an anticholinergic, is irrelevant. Carbamazepine is the standard therapy.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The patient self-injected what he believed to be heroin, which is commonly sold on the street. Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid that is often mixed with or sold as heroin due to its powerful effects. Therefore, the patient most likely took Fentanyl, as it is frequently associated with street drugs like heroin.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Clonidine works as an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, reducing sympathetic outflow and lowering blood pressure.