ATI RN
ATI Nur 221 Med Surg Exam Cardiac Questions
Extract:
Question 1 of 5
The nurse knows that which of the following positions is the best position for a client diagnosed with COPD?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Sitting up and leaning over the bedside table (tripod position) maximizes lung expansion and improves oxygenation in COPD. Fowler's position, recliner, and prone positions are less effective.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The client tells the nurse, 'I can feel the congestion in my lungs, and I certainly cough a lot, but I can't seem to bring anything up.' Which of the following actions should the nurse take to help this client with tenacious bronchial secretions?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Adequate hydration (2 to 3 L daily) thins mucus secretions, aiding expectoration. Semi-Fowler's position, oxygen therapy, and a low-salt diet do not directly address thick mucus.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who reports a new onset of severe chest pain. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to determine if the client is experiencing a myocardial infarction?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Performing a 12-lead ECG is the most important diagnostic tool for identifying myocardial infarction. It provides real-time evidence of ischemic changes, such as ST-segment elevation or depression, confirming or ruling out an MI. Checking blood pressure, auscultating heart tones, and assessing pain radiation are supportive but not definitive for diagnosing an MI.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse and unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) are caring for an elderly client diagnosed with emphysema. Which nursing tasks could be delegated to the UAP to improve gas exchange? (Select All that Apply)
Correct Answer: C,D,E
Rationale: Encouraging deep breathing exercises (
C), recording pulse oximeter readings (
D), and keeping the head of bed elevated (E) can be delegated to a UAP to improve gas exchange. Assessing consciousness and auscultating breath sounds require nursing judgment.
Question 5 of 5
A client comes into the emergency room with complaints of persistent, crushing chest pain. Along with the chief complaint, what other symptoms would make the nurse suspect that the client is experiencing a myocardial infarction (MI)?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diaphoresis and cool clammy skin are correct. These symptoms occur due to sympathetic nervous system activation in response to cardiac ischemia, leading to vasoconstriction, sweating, and signs of impending shock. Intermittent claudication, jugular vein distention, and mid-epigastric pain are not classic MI symptoms.