ATI RN
ATI Pediatrics Exam Simmons U BSN Questions
Extract:
A group of females who are pregnant
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is teaching about neural tube defects to a group of females who are pregnant. Which of the following disease processes should the nurse include as an example of a neural tube defect?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Spina bifida. A neural tube defect occurs when the neural tube, which forms the brain and spinal cord, fails to close properly during embryonic development. Spina bifida specifically involves the incomplete closure of the spinal column, leading to varying degrees of spinal cord damage. This condition is a classic example of a neural tube defect.
B: Hydrocephalus is the buildup of fluid in the brain, not a neural tube defect.
C: Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders affecting movement and posture due to brain damage, not a neural tube defect.
D: Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder causing progressive muscle weakness, not a neural tube defect.
In summary, spina bifida is the correct answer as it directly relates to the incomplete closure of the neural tube during development, while the other choices are unrelated conditions affecting different aspects of the nervous system or muscular system.
Extract:
A child who has a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to the parents of a child who has a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the parents indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because feeling shaky is a common symptom of low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) in diabetes. This indicates the parents understand the importance of recognizing and responding to low blood sugar levels promptly.
Choice B is incorrect because nausea and vomiting are more commonly associated with hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) rather than hypoglycemia.
Choice C is incorrect because sweating is a common symptom of hypoglycemia, not hyperglycemia.
Choice D is incorrect because the onset of low blood glucose typically occurs rapidly rather than slowly in diabetes.
Extract:
An infant following a motor vehicle crash
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is assessing an infant following a motor vehicle crash. Which of the following findings should the nurse monitor to identify increased intracranial pressure?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Increased sleeping. Increased intracranial pressure can lead to drowsiness or increased sleeping in infants. This is due to the pressure exerted on the brain affecting normal sleep-wake cycles. Monitoring sleeping patterns can help identify changes in the infant's neurological status. Brisk pupillary reaction to light (choice
A) is a normal finding and not specific to increased intracranial pressure. Tachycardia (choice
B) may indicate stress or pain but is not a direct indicator of intracranial pressure. Depressed fontanelles (choice
D) may suggest dehydration but not necessarily increased intracranial pressure.
Extract:
A 4-year-old with nephrotic syndrome is experiencing severe periorbital edema
Question 4 of 5
The best measure the nurse could institute to help reduce the periorbital edema is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Apply warm compresses. By applying warm compresses, it helps to improve circulation and reduce swelling in the periorbital area. Warmth can help dilate blood vessels, allowing fluid to be reabsorbed more effectively, thus reducing edema. Cool sterile soaks (
A) may constrict blood vessels and not promote fluid drainage. Encouraging the child to eat low protein foods (
C) is not directly related to reducing periorbital edema. Elevating the head of the bed (
D) may help with overall circulation but may not specifically target periorbital edema.
Extract:
A child who is having a tonic-clonic seizure and vomiting
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who is having a tonic-clonic seizure and vomiting. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Position the child side-lying. This is the priority because it helps prevent aspiration of vomit and ensures the airway remains clear during the seizure. Placing a pillow under the child's head (
A) may obstruct the airway. Clearing the area of hazards (
B) is important but not the priority during an active seizure. Loosening restrictive clothing (
D) is important but not the priority over maintaining a clear airway.