ATI RN
ATI Pediatrics Exam 4 Questions
Extract:
An 8-year-old patient presents to his clinic, complaining of dizziness, headaches, and epistaxis. The nurse took the patient's vital signs and noticed that he had high blood pressure in his arms and bounding upper extremity pulses; however, when she proceeded to check his lower extremity pulses, they were weak, and his legs were pale and cool to touch.
Question 1 of 5
What does this patient present signs of?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Coarctation of the Aorta. The patient likely presents with hypertension in the upper extremities, weak pulses in the lower extremities, and a systolic murmur. This is due to narrowing of the aorta, causing increased pressure proximal to the coarctation and decreased pressure distally. Tetralogy of Fallot presents with cyanosis and a boot-shaped heart on X-ray. Pulmonic Stenosis presents with a systolic ejection murmur. Tricuspid Atresia presents with cyanosis and a single S2 heart sound.
Extract:
An 8-month-old infant has a hypercyanotic spell while blood is being drawn.
Question 2 of 5
What is the priority nursing action?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Place the child in the knee-chest position. This is the priority nursing action because it helps relieve pressure on the heart and improve circulation in cases of supraventricular tachycardia. Placing the child in this position can help restore normal heart rhythm and prevent potential complications. It is crucial to address the immediate physiological need first before other actions. Option A is incorrect as preparing the family for imminent death is important but not the priority in this situation. Option C, assessing for neurologic defects, is not the priority as the child's cardiovascular issue needs immediate attention. Option D, beginning cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is not necessary in this case as the child is conscious and stable.
Extract:
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following options gives a nurse the most accurate diagnostic picture of a cardiac issue?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Cardiac Catheterization. This procedure provides direct visualization and measurement of the heart's chambers, valves, and blood vessels, offering the most accurate diagnostic information for cardiac issues. Echocardiogram (
A) provides imaging of the heart but may not offer as detailed information as cardiac catheterization. Chest X-Ray (CXR) (
C) can show heart size and shape but lacks specificity for diagnosing cardiac issues. Electrocardiogram (ECG) (
D) only records the heart's electrical activity and may not provide a comprehensive diagnostic picture.
Therefore, cardiac catheterization is the most accurate option for diagnosing cardiac issues.
Extract:
A non-potty trained child with nephrotic syndrome
Question 4 of 5
In a non-potty trained child with nephrotic syndrome is the best way to detect fluid retention?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Weigh the child daily. Daily weight monitoring is essential in detecting fluid retention in a child with nephrotic syndrome. Sudden weight gain can indicate fluid accumulation due to decreased kidney function. Weighing daily provides immediate feedback on fluid status and allows prompt adjustments in treatment.
B: Measuring abdominal girth weekly may not be as sensitive as daily weight monitoring in detecting fluid retention.
C: Counting wet diapers may not accurately reflect fluid retention, as nephrotic syndrome primarily affects kidney function, not urine output.
D: Testing urine for hematuria is not specific for detecting fluid retention; it indicates presence of blood in urine, not fluid status.
Extract:
A 10-year-old has undergone a cardiac catheterization.
Question 5 of 5
At the end of the procedure, the nurse should first assess
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Pulses. Assessing pulses at the end of a procedure is crucial to monitor circulation and ensure proper blood flow to the affected area. This helps in detecting any potential complications such as vascular compromise or thrombosis. Pain (choice
A) is important but assessing pulses takes precedence as it directly reflects perfusion. Checking the catheterization report (choice
C) can wait until after immediate patient assessment. Hemoglobin and hematocrit levels (choice
D) are important but not a priority right after the procedure.
Choices E, F, and G are not provided, but they would likely be less relevant for immediate post-procedure assessment compared to monitoring pulses.