ATI RN
ATI SP 250 Exam 3 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Vital Signs
• Temperature 38.1° C (100.6° F)
• Heart rate 122/min
• Respiratory rate 26/min
• BP 136/85 mm Hg
• Oxygen saturation 93% on room air
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has HIV. The client is at risk for developing .
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection that affects the lungs and can be transmitted through respiratory droplets. People with HIV are more susceptible to tuberculosis because their immune system is weakened by the virus. Tuberculosis can cause fever, cough, weight loss, and night sweats. The client's vital signs indicate that they have a fever and a high heart rate and respiratory rate, which could be signs of tuberculosis.
Extract:
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is caring for a female client who has rheumatoid arthritis and a new prescription for methotrexate. The client tells the nurse she is planning a pregnancy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methotrexate is a medication that interferes with cell division and can cause birth defects or miscarriage if taken during pregnancy. The medication can also pass into breast milk and harm the baby.
Therefore, the nurse should advise the client to stop taking methotrexate at least 3 months before trying to conceive and to use effective contraception while on the medication.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is planning an educational program about basal cell carcinoma. Which of the following information should the nurse plan to include?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: This is because basal cell carcinoma originates from the basal layer of the epidermis, which does not have access to blood vessels or lymphatics that can facilitate spreading to other organs. Basal cell carcinoma usually grows slowly and locally, and can be treated with surgery or radiation.
Extract:
Nurses' Notes
Day 1:
0900:
Client admitted from emergency department with hemoptysis, dull chest pain, increasing fatigue, anorexia, nausea, chest tightness, and 3.2 kg (7 Ib) weight loss in 2 weeks. Heart rate regular, lung sounds with crackles in bilateral upper lobes. No edema. Airborne precautions initiated upon admission.
Day 2:
Client reports shortness of breath, nausea, and fatigue. Crackles auscultated bilaterally throughout lung fields. Productive cough, with thick, blood-streaked sputum. Bowel sounds active, no edema.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is caring for a newly admitted client with a diagnosis of R/O tuberculosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This is because tuberculosis can affect the liver and cause hepatotoxicity, especially if the client is taking anti-tuberculosis medications. The nurse should monitor the client's liver function tests, such as AST and ALT levels, and observe for signs of liver damage, such as yellow sclera, dark urine, clay-colored stools, and abdominal pain.
Extract:
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who is taking aspirin for arthritis. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an adverse effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: This is because aspirin can cause salicylate toxicity, which can manifest as tinnitus, hearing loss, vertigo, headache, confusion, and hyperventilation. The nurse should monitor the client's serum salicylate level and advise the client to report any signs of toxicity to the provider.