ATI RN
ATI SP 250 Exam 3 Med Surg Exam Questions
Extract:
Diagnostic Results
January:
• Laboratory: CD4 cell count 200 cells/mm³ (Normal range: 600-1500 cells/mm³)
June:
• Laboratory: CD4 cell count 90 cells/mm³ (Normal range: 600-1500 cells/mm³)
• Chest x-ray: Bilateral white infiltrates consistent with pneumonia
Question 1 of 5
A nurse in a community health clinic is caring for a client who has a history of HIV. For each of the following assessment findings for the client, identify if the finding is consistent with HIV stage I or HIV stage III (AIDS). Each finding may support more than one disease process.
| Options | HIV stage I | HIV stage III |
|---|---|---|
| CD4 cell count 200 cells/mm3 (600-1500 cells/mm3) | ||
| Weight changes | ||
| Chest x-ray showing bilateral white infiltrates consistent with pneumonia | ||
| Skin condition | ||
| Latest CD4 cell count |
Correct Answer: A,C,E
Rationale: CD4 cell count 200 cells/mm³ is consistent with HIV stage II or III, as it indicates significant immunosuppression. Chest x-ray showing bilateral white infiltrates consistent with pneumonia is indicative of HIV stage III (AIDS), as opportunistic infections like pneumonia are common. Latest CD4 cell count (90 cells/mm³) is consistent with HIV stage III (AIDS), as it is below 200 cells/mm³, a threshold for AIDS diagnosis.
Extract:
Question 2 of 5
A nurse in a community health clinic is administering seasonal inactive influenza vaccine. Before administering it, the nurse must confirm that the client is not allergic to which of the following?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: This is because some influenza vaccines are prepared using chicken eggs and may contain trace amounts of egg protein, which can cause an allergic reaction in some people.
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is planning care for a client who has immunosuppression following chemotherapy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan of care?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: This is because immunosuppression increases the risk of infection, and health care workers can be potential sources of pathogens. The nurse should use standard precautions, avoid invasive procedures, and restrict visitors who are ill.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a female client who has rheumatoid arthritis and a new prescription for methotrexate. The client tells the nurse she is planning a pregnancy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse give the client?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methotrexate is a medication that interferes with cell division and can cause birth defects or miscarriage if taken during pregnancy. The medication can also pass into breast milk and harm the baby.
Therefore, the nurse should advise the client to stop taking methotrexate at least 3 months before trying to conceive and to use effective contraception while on the medication.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing teaching to a client about preventing skin cancer. Which of the following client statements indicates a need for further teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Eating a high fiber diet has not been proven to reduce the risk for developing skin cancer. Skin cancer is mainly caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources, such as tanning booths.