ATI RN
ATI Custom Pediatric exam 1 Questions
Extract:
An infant who has Tetralogy of Fallot and is easily fatigued when eating
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for an infant who has Tetralogy of Fallot and notes that the infant is easily fatigued when eating. Which defect is not present in this cardiac congenital malformation?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Left ventricular hypertrophy is not present in Tetralogy of Fallot. In Tetralogy of Fallot, the four main defects are pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, ventricular septal defect, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricular hypertrophy is not part of the condition. The infant's fatigue during feeding is likely due to decreased oxygen levels in the blood caused by the pulmonary stenosis and right-to-left shunting at the ventricular septal defect.
Choices A, B, and D are all components of Tetralogy of Fallot, making them incorrect options.
Extract:
A school-age child who has respiratory failure due to pneumonia
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is assisting with the care of a school-age child who has respiratory failure due to pneumonia. Which of the following positions should the nurse encourage to allow maximal lung expansion?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Upright. In an upright position, gravity helps to maximize lung expansion by allowing the diaphragm to descend fully. This position promotes better ventilation and oxygenation by reducing the pressure on the lungs. Supine (
B), prone (
C), and side-lying (
D) positions can limit lung expansion and compromise breathing mechanics. These positions may cause the abdominal contents to compress the lungs, reducing their ability to expand fully.
Therefore, encouraging the child to sit upright will optimize lung function and promote effective gas exchange.
Extract:
An 8-year-old child who has sickle cell anemia and is recovering from a vaso-occlusive crisis
Question 3 of 5
A nurse is caring for an 8-year-old child who has sickle cell anemia and is recovering from a vaso-occlusive crisis. Which of the following precautions should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Drink eight glasses of fluid daily. This is crucial for children with sickle cell anemia to prevent dehydration, which can trigger vaso-occlusive crises. Adequate hydration helps maintain blood flow and prevent sickling of red blood cells. Maintaining an updated hemophilus influenzae type b immunization (choice
B) is important for preventing infections but is not directly related to vaso-occlusive crises. Avoiding playground activities at school (choice
C) is unnecessary as long as the child is careful and stays hydrated. Assuming postural drainage positions every 6 hours (choice
D) is not relevant for sickle cell anemia management.
Extract:
A hospitalized 2-year-old child who has a tantrum when a parent leaves
Question 4 of 5
A nurse is caring for a hospitalized 2-year-old child who has a tantrum when a parent leaves. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Give the child a stuffed animal. Offering the child a stuffed animal can provide comfort and a sense of security, helping to calm the child during the parent's absence. This action promotes emotional support and may help to reduce the child's anxiety.
Other choices are incorrect:
B: Informing the child about the parent's return time may not effectively address the immediate emotional distress.
C: Calling the parent back may not be feasible or necessary for every instance of separation anxiety.
D: Leaving the child alone can exacerbate feelings of fear and abandonment, potentially escalating the tantrum.
Extract:
A child who is postoperative following the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is caring for a child who is postoperative following the insertion of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt. The nurse should place the child in which of the following positions?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Supine. Placing the child in a supine position promotes proper drainage and prevents obstruction of the ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Supine position helps maintain a neutral head position, reducing the risk of complications. A 45-degree head elevation (choice
A) can increase intracranial pressure, which is contraindicated in this case. Placing the child on the nonoperative side (choice
B) or prone (choice
C) can potentially cause kinking or obstruction of the shunt tubing.