ATI RN
ATI Nur27500 Pathopharm Exam Questions
Question 1 of 5
A nurse is caring for a client who has benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Finasteride. Finasteride is a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor that helps reduce the size of the prostate gland in BPH. It works by blocking the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, which is implicated in prostate enlargement. Danazol (
A) is used for endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease, not BPH. Fluoxymesterone (
C) and Methyltestosterone (
D) are androgens used for hypogonadism, not BPH. So, the correct choice is B as it directly targets the pathophysiology of BPH.
Question 2 of 5
A nurse is teaching a client about taking diphenhydramine. The nurse should explain to the client that which of the following is a side effect of this medication?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Sedation. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that commonly causes sedation as a side effect due to its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and act on the central nervous system. This sedative effect is why diphenhydramine is often used in medications to help with sleep or allergies. Bradycardia (
A) is not a common side effect of diphenhydramine, as it does not significantly affect heart rate. Hypertension (
B) is also not associated with this medication. Bleeding (
C) is not a typical side effect of diphenhydramine, as it does not have anticoagulant properties. Thus, the correct answer is D due to the sedative properties of diphenhydramine.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has been started on medication for BPH. Prior to administering this medication the patient's nurse ensures which of the following has been done?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B (The patient has had a prostate examination, including measurement of the PSA level). This is important before starting medication for BPH to rule out other prostate conditions and determine the baseline PSA level.
Choice A (The patient is hypertensive) is irrelevant to starting BPH medication.
Choice C (The patient is still sexually active) and D (The patient has not had a vasectomy) are not necessary prior to starting BPH medication.
Question 4 of 5
A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who has acute toxicity from acetaminophen overdose. The nurse should prepare to administer which of the following medications?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Acetylcysteine. Acetaminophen overdose can lead to liver damage, and acetylcysteine is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. It works by replenishing depleted glutathione stores in the liver, helping to prevent liver damage. Vitamin K (
A) is used for reversing the effects of warfarin, flumazenil (
B) is used for benzodiazepine overdose, and atropine (
D) is used for symptomatic bradycardia or organophosphate poisoning. Acetylcysteine is the specific antidote for acetaminophen toxicity due to its mechanism of action in preventing liver damage.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is providing education to a school-age child who has a new diagnosis of asthma. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Avoid triggers that cause an attack. This statement is essential in asthma management as identifying and avoiding triggers can help prevent asthma exacerbations. It empowers the child to take control of their condition. Option A is incorrect because the peak expiratory flow meter should be used daily to monitor asthma control. Option B is incorrect as cromolyn sodium is a preventive medication, not a rescue medication for acute symptoms. Option D is incorrect as exercise is beneficial for asthma management, and the child should be encouraged to participate in activities with proper asthma management strategies.